怎样使教学过程更有效率

为了适应新形势的挑战,培养高素质的人才,高校的教学与管理必须进行改革。只有严格规范课堂管理,才能保证课堂教学质量,提高教学效率;教员要树立良好的师德师风,强化敬业精神,不断更新教学内容;学校要加强教学质量的监督控制,健全竞争激励机制。     

夜间通风量对相变轻质房间室内热环境的影响

运用EnergyPlus软件,对含相变材料层轻质房间的室内热环境进行了模拟,分析了墙体结构、通风量等因素对相变材料轻质墙体的蓄、放热性能和室内热环境的影响。模拟结果表明:相变材料应用于轻质房间,能显著增强围护结构的热惰性,提高室内的热舒适性;同时采取夜间通风技术,可以有效地将白天蓄积的热量散至室外。相变材料布置在围护结构内侧时,室内环境的热舒适性比布置在外侧时更好。从自然通风的角度,相变材料布置于围护结构内侧时,选取换气数2.5次/h作为优化结果;相变材料布置于围护结构外侧时,选取换气数4.0次/h作为优化结果。     

Equilibrium customer strategies and social–profit maximization in the single‐server constant retrial queue

We consider the single‐server constant retrial queue with a Poisson arrival process and exponential service and retrial times. This system has not waiting space, so the customers that find the server busy are forced to abandon the system, but they can leave their contact details. Hence, after a service completion, the server seeks for a customer among those that have unsuccessfully applied for service but left their contact details, at a constant retrial rate. We assume that the arriving customers that find the server busy decide whether to leave their contact details or to balk based on a natural reward‐cost structure, which incorporates their desire for service as well as their unwillingness to wait. We examine the customers' behavior, and we identify the Nash equilibrium joining strategies. We also study the corresponding social and profit maximization problems. We consider separately the observable case where the customers get informed about the number of customers waiting for service and the unobservable case where they do not receive this information. Several extensions of the model are also discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

光子晶体光纤的空气孔膨胀和拉锥技术研究

光子晶体光纤的空气孔膨胀和拉锥技术是一种有效的改变光纤结构参数的技术手段.空气孔膨胀可以改变空气孔的填充比例,即改变空气孔直径和孔间距的大小,光纤拉锥可在保持空气孔直径和孔间距比例不变的情况下改变纤芯的大小.光子晶体光纤结构参数的可控性改变可实现一些特殊光子晶体光纤器件的制作,对进一步实现和挖掘光子晶体光纤的潜在应用价...     

Polaris,East of Suez: British Plans for a Nuclear Force in the Indo-Pacific, 1964–1968

This article investigates the little-known plans formulated by Harold Wilson's Labour government to deploy Polaris submarines in the Indo-Pacific region. The scheme was first proposed in 1965 as a response to several problems faced by British policy-makers, including China's acquisition of a nuclear capability, Britain's wish to maintain a meaningful position ‘East of Suez’ at reduced cost, and German pressure for equal treatment within NATO on nuclear matters. Despite extensive high-level discussion, the plans were finally abandoned in mid-1968, as Labour moved more decisively to forsake the world role.     

French war plans, 1914: The ‘Balance of Power Paradox’

Historians have noted that both German and French war preparation in 1914 fell victim to the inadequacies of traditional threat-based planning: vulnerability to ‘threat deception’ which caused each to underestimate or mischaracterize the threat; a tendency to ‘mirror-image’ by fitting intelligence into preconceived notions of how the enemy was expected to behave; and ‘group think’ that discouraged a serious consideration of alternative scenarios. This article applies the ‘Balance of Power Paradox’ to explain why, at the dawn of the twentieth century, war planning in both Germany and France was driven by an acute sense of weakness which encouraged each side to fashion highly ‘risk acceptant’ strategies. In particular, he examines why and how French commander-in-chief General Joseph Joffre evolved and rationalized his audacious, and disastrous, Plan XVII to leverage French weaknesses and prevent the stronger German Army from bringing the full weight of its military strength to bear against France. The potential implication of this historical vignette is that leaders, and by extension military planners, of both strong and weak states focus on the constraints faced by their opponents, and assume that they can avoid the limitations of their position, while their opponent cannot.     

载体干扰磁场补偿方法

获得载体航行路径上各点地磁场的精确测量值是地磁匹配导航的前提,而载体上各种干扰磁场的存在会引起磁力仪输出的偏差,影响匹配的精度,因此必须对载体干扰磁场进行补偿。在分析载体干扰磁场特性的基础上,提出利用矢量测量值对地磁场总场值进行补偿的方法。该方法首先根据矢量磁力仪的测量模型得到关于载体磁场参数的非线性方程,然后采用非线性参数估计方法估计出精确的载体干扰磁场系数,最后再利用估计结果对测量值进行补偿。通过仿真对该方法的有效性进行研究,并设计了半实物实验对其实用性进行验证。结果表明采用本文提出的方法补偿后地磁场总场值的测量误差在20nT以内,而且该方法参数估计精度高,应用方便,可以有效地对导航载体干扰磁场进行补偿。     

基于云分类器的液体火箭发动机故障诊断方法

本文首先将液体火箭发动机故障诊断问题转化为故障特征的模式分类问题,然后针对当前模式分类方法难以处理不确定性信息、属性特征空间的划分过硬等缺陷,结合云模型和云变换研究,提出了一种基于云分类器的液体火箭发动机起动过程故障诊断方法。历次试车数据的验证结果表明,该方法能够及时准确识别发动机起动工作过程中的故障模式。     

一种对时钟偏差不敏感的无源RFID标签编解码算法

基于我国自主射频识别空中接口协议GJB 7377.1-2011,提出了一种对时钟偏差不敏感的无源RFID标签编解码算法。该算法充分考虑了时钟频率偏差、计数误差、分频误差等对编解码的影响,推导出了标签正确编解码所需的时钟约束条件,并得到了标签编解码的基本思路和方法。仿真结果表明,提出的编解码算法对标签时钟精度要求较低,只要时钟频率大于1.60 MHz,即可满足要求,大大降低了硬件实现的难度和复杂度,与同类实现方式相比,功耗降低了近50%。     

封装对螺旋线圈发射器互感梯度的影响

互感梯度是决定线圈炮加速力的主要因素。本文以螺旋线圈炮为例,建立了计算互感梯度的二维有限元模型,对四种不同属性的封装材料和封装尺寸对互感梯度的影响做出了分析和比较,并给出了不同的封装材料及尺寸下封装的电流密度和磁场分布图。分析表明,互感梯度受到封装材料电导率和磁导率的双重制约。电导率决定了封装中感应涡流的大小;磁导率决定了对磁场的加强程度。减小封装与线圈的间距,导磁材料的磁场加强效果更好,而导电材料的涡流效应也更明显;增加封装的厚度,导磁材料可以更好地增强磁场,但导电材料由于电阻更小涡流效应更明显。为了实现互感梯度的最大化,可以在减小封装与驱动线圈间距并增加封装厚度的情况下使用高磁导率的硅钢片制作封装,硅钢片的厚度应该尽量小从而削弱涡流效应。