战术防空激光武器发展概况

空中攻击与防空作战在相互斗争中发展,随着空中威胁目标种类变化、性能提高,作为防空武器的一个重要的新型分支,防空激光武器在快速发展,将在近程防空与反导中起重要作用。综述了空中威胁变化对激光武器的需求,激光武器的分类、组成与特点,以及国外战术防空激光反导武器系统发展概况。     

基于模糊理论的空袭目标威胁判断模型

对空袭目标威胁度进行合理排序是提高防空效能的重要因素。分析了影响空袭目标威胁度的各种因素,利用模糊综合评判的思想,建立了一种进行目标威胁判断的模型,并根据具体情况给出了排序的合理方法。通过实例,给出了具体的计算过程,并将此方法得出的结果与文献中的方法得出的结果进行了比较,充分说明了模型的可行性。     

战车火控系统射击命中三要素函数误差分析

火控系统射击(函数)误差可分解为射弹散布函数误差和火控射击准备函数误差。而射击准备函数则是命中三要素函数即瞄准函数、解算函数和控制函数的合成函数。命中三要素的提出,为火控系统射击误差(精度)的分析提供了新的途径。它们均是命中目标的关键要素,又各具特色,为火控系统射击精度乃至系统反应速度的提高,指出了应该努力的方向。针对此进行了具体的分析。     

神经网络的坦克目标威胁评估

在未来高技术局部战争条件下,坦克不得不面临一个动态复杂的战场环境,这就要求坦克能根据战场环境实时地进行目标威胁评估及自主射击。以坦克的自主作战为背景,提出了一种基于神经网络的目标威胁评估方法。首先提出了包含来袭目标性质、指战员指令、保卫目标的重要度、我方武器性能值等一套威胁评估指标体系;然后采用神经网络方法进行威胁评估。神经网络方法的优势主要体现在:①考虑了诸因素的相互关联;②充分考虑了战术信息;③权系数对具体环境的适应性;④方法的通用性。实例结果表明,神经网络方法科学合理,为坦克目标威胁的评估提供了新思路。神经网络方法具有普遍意义,能推广应用于其它武器平台的目标威胁评估。     

INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ON THE ROAD TO NUCLEAR ZERO

The disappointingly slow pace of progress on efforts to prevent proliferation, reduce nuclear weapons, and eliminate nuclear risks has many causes. The factor that might be easiest for individuals in the arms control and nonproliferation community to change stems from their own ambivalence about major questions that must be addressed on the road to reducing the number of nuclear weapons in the world to zero. This essay explores how ambivalence about four key issues—strategic stability, alliance relations, institution-building, and nuclear energy—often leads community members to take positions that play well at home and within their like-minded group but raise unintended impediments to achieving their own long-term goals. The author suggests alternative ways to handle these questions to improve the prospects for domestic and international agreement on practical measures that would eliminate, not perpetuate, nuclear risks.     

水面舰艇编队空中威胁扇面角预测模型

针对水面舰艇编队空中威胁扇面角的预测问题,分析了影响空中威胁扇面角大小的主要因素。以具有航路规划能力的远程反舰导弹为对象,从航空兵及远程反舰导弹的作战使用特点和装备性能限制着手,建立了计算威胁扇面角的数学模型。通过仿真分析,得出了主要参数对威胁扇面角的影响规律,为水面舰艇编队对空防御兵力的配置提供了依据。     

灰色模糊物元分析的要地防空威胁评估

结合要地防空作战的特点,分析了影响目标威胁评估的因素.针对指标信息的不确定性,将模糊物元分析与灰色系统理论相结合,并运用AHP法和信息熵法进行组合赋权,建立了基于组合赋权的灰色模糊物元分析的要地防空威胁评估模型.在对来袭目标进行威胁评估时,将目标的各个特征作为物元的事物,以其各项评价指标及模糊灰量值构造复合模糊灰元.通过计算与标准模糊灰元之间的关联度,实现对空袭目标的威胁评估与排序.实例分析表明该方法可靠有效.     

战场威胁态势的认知域可视建模

分析已有战场威胁态势的相关研究成果。研究了战场威胁态势的威胁因素的AHP建模,提出了针对认知域的权重和威胁程度混合渲染法,并给出具体实例。实例表明所建模型的有效性和实用性。     

Terrorism in Nigeria

Using the Boko Haram terrorist group in Nigeria as a point of departure, this paper examines the implications of the operations of terrorist groups on the security and stability of states in West Africa. It predominantly utilises secondary sources of data. Findings indicate that the membership and operations of this terrorist group are spreading across the sub-region. This spread is consequent upon Boko Haram's collaboration with other terrorist groups within West Africa and beyond. This constitutes threats to the security and stability of states in the sub-region. Thus, the paper recommends, among other things: a thorough understanding of the operational strategies of terrorist groups by states and those involved in security policymaking in the sub-region; and for agreements to be reached among Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) member states and their governments for collaboration in various areas in order to curtail transnational crime and terrorism, and reduce socio-economic inequality that generates aggressive behaviours among the less privileged.     

Factors influencing the modernization of military-investment economic appraisal systems

Budgetary restrictions resulting from the present international economic crisis have tightened the need to improve efficiency in defense spending, leading to the armed forces having to undertake their duties with fewer resources. Previous reports on the subject have looked into the determining factors and effects of military spending but very few studies have analyzed the determinants for the modernization of the methodology for assessing efficiency. Thus, using a multiple regression statistical model, we have analyzed the appraisal systems in place in 28 countries to identify factors that influence the development of economic assessment of military expenditure. Our findings have revealed three factors that may favor the improvement of appraisal systems with regard to military expenditure: the quality of governance, size of the armed forces, and unemployment levels.