法国"海响尾蛇"导弹对付机动目标的能力估计

讨论“海响尾蛇”导弹在临近遭遇点时采用相对比例导航制导律对付机动目标的能力问题     

环境参数在线辨识及其在滑翔段制导中的应用

针对助推滑翔导弹,提出基于飞行环境参数在线辨识的滑翔段数值预测校正制导方法。综合考虑大气密度和气动系数对导弹运动的影响,引入滑翔段综合环境参数,利用扩展Kalman滤波方法对综合参数进行在线辨识。基于在线辨识结果,利用渐消记忆递推最小二乘方法在线建立环境参数预测模型,并利用最新辨识结果进行模型的在线修正。设计了纵向和横向制导律,并基于环境参数在线预测模型进行落点预测,以克服飞行环境扰动对落点预测精度的影响。进行了大气密度非定常扰动下的制导仿真,以及密度和气动参数随机扰动下的Monte Carlo仿真。仿真结果表明:环境参数在线预测模型能准确预报飞行环境参数,制导方法对飞行环境扰动具有较强的鲁棒性。     

The Serbian defence institution: the need for clear policy guidance to improve the Serbian defence planning,management, and command processes

ABSTRACT

The uncritical layering of western liberal defence governance norms and concepts on top of existing legacy concepts has impeded achieving coherent military capabilities and capacities when Serbia’s political and military leadership tried to reform the defence system using Western benchmarking principles and Western countries’ best practices. The process of this change has been more valuable than its actual output, as defined by increased capabilities. Such outcomes should be reflective of policy guidance, and can be thought of as closing the trinity loop of a defence planning system: plans, money and execution. This article addresses two key functional areas of the Serbian defence institution. First, it assesses the current state of defence planning to discern its strengths and weaknesses to ascertain if plans are tied to financial decision-making. Second, a full examination of current Serbian defence management is conducted to discern whether weaknesses exist that distract from producing operational capabilities. Both areas are analyzed thoroughly and some solutions for change are proposed. Also, the article analyzes the appearance of two negative phenomena in the planning process – economization and managerialism.     

加拿大移民法律及其对我国的启示

全球化形势下世界人口流动性日趋加强,各国的出入境（移民）管理工作面临更大的挑战。加拿大是一个老牌移民国家,由于历史传统原因,兼采英美法系和大陆法系立法技术,其移民法律体系十分完备,其中有许多可供我国借鉴的地方。     

Integrated guidance and control of guided projectile with multiple constraints based on fuzzy adaptive and dynamic surface

Based on fuzzy adaptive and dynamic surface (FADS), an integrated guidance and control (IGC) approach was proposed for large caliber naval gun guided projectile, which was robust to target maneuver, canard dynamic characteristics, and multiple constraints, such as impact angle, limited measurement of line of sight (LOS) angle rate and nonlinear saturation of canard deflection. Initially, a strict feedback cascade model of IGC in longitudinal plane was established, and extended state observer (ESO) was designed to estimate LOS angle rate and uncertain disturbances with unknown boundary inside and outside of system, including aerodynamic parameters perturbation, target maneuver and model errors. Secondly, aiming at zeroing LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate in finite time, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) was designed with adaptive exponential reaching law. Furthermore, combining with dynamic surface, which prevented the complex differential of virtual control laws, the fuzzy adaptive systems were designed to approximate observation errors of uncertain disturbances and to reduce chatter of control law. Finally, the adaptive Nussbaum gain function was introduced to compensate nonlinear saturation of canard deflection. The LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate were convergent in finite time and whole system states were uniform ultimately bounded, rigorously proven by Lyapunov stability theory. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) and digital simulation experiments both showed FADS provided guided projectile with good guidance performance while striking targets with different maneuvering forms.     

考虑落角约束与驾驶仪特性的自适应径向基空间末制导律

为使舰炮制导炮弹在打击近岸机动目标的末制导段满足落角约束,考虑驾驶仪动态特性,基于自适应径向基逼近网络与动态面提出一种空间末制导律。构建弹目相对运动模型,通过带改进微分跟踪器的扩张状态观测器估计目标加速度。为零化视线角跟踪误差与角速率,采用自适应指数趋近律设计非奇异终端滑模,运用自适应径向基逼近网络削弱控制指令抖振。通过Lyapunov第二法证明了系统的视线角跟踪误差与视线角速率均最终一致有界。仿真实验表明:该末制导律使制导炮弹在空间中打击不同机动形式的近岸目标时,具备良好的末制导性能。     

电偶腐蚀下非稳态扩散瞬时静电场分析

为分析在浓差极化条件下非稳态过程中的静电场分布情况,在斐克第二定律的基础上利用拉普拉斯变换求解电极表面氧浓度随时间的变化。通过法拉第定律分析受氧浓度控制下的电偶腐蚀电流密度,在此基础上利用电流元模型求解电解质溶液中任意位置处产生的瞬时电位及静电场强度,并通过实验验证结果的正确性。结果表明：浓差极化下的非稳态扩散传质产生的静电场及电位会随着时间的增加而逐渐减小,并最终达到稳态,且电流密度会随着氧的浓度减小而减小。     

基于不确定性的末制导初始参数优化设计方法

为量化无动力滑翔飞行器末制导初始参数不确定性的综合影响,提升飞行器落点精度,提出基于不确定性的末制导初始参数优化设计方法。面向飞行器末端高动态打击需求,采用落角约束下的滑模变结构导引律进行实时弹道成型,进而考虑末制导初始参数的不确定性。以落点有效毁伤半径概率和落点圆概率偏差为多优化目标,建立基于不确定性的末制导初始参数及制导律参数优化模型。针对这一不确定性优化模型,研究利用高效全局优化和蒙特卡洛方法,给出末制导初始参数及制导律参数的最优设计方案。仿真结果表明:该方法能显著提升落点精度,为方案设计阶段飞行器末制导交接点的选取提供决策支持。     

干扰及机动条件下的比例导引智能调控策略

由于红外诱饵干扰样式复杂、目标机动形式多变导致传统比例导引律极易被干扰。为提高采用比例导引方法的导弹性能,提出一种利用径向基函数网络调控比例系数及导弹发射时机的智能导引律。以飞行时间及脱靶量为参考,通过构建加权型指标函数将求解最优比例系数及发射时机问题转化为单目标优化问题;引入量子粒子群算法求解最优决策参量,并以其作为网络输出,干扰样式作为网络输入,离线训练径向基函数网络;为提高训练效率,结合K-means及K最近邻算法初始化径向基函数网络。仿真结果表明,当存在红外诱饵干扰时,智能导引律性能优于扩展比例导引律及自适应滑模导引律。     

浮式振荡立轴叶轮的三维效应影响

为研究振荡运动下立轴水轮机的三维效应影响,采用ANSYS CFX软件三维模拟立轴水轮机在不同展弦下的振荡运动（横荡、纵荡）,并与二维模拟的立轴水轮机作对比,通过最小二乘法拟合计算得到水轮机推力和侧向力系数时域结果,分析得到不同展弦比下水轮机阻尼系数和附加质量系数。结果表明：随着展弦比增大,叶轮潮流能的转换效率逐渐增大;三维振荡叶轮的水动力载荷与叶轮展长呈正相关,当展弦比达到10时其水动力载荷及能量转换效率和二维的计算结果相当;三维水轮机水动力系数常数项和阻尼项随展弦比增大而增大。