Programming challenges and impediments to reform: identifying pragmatic solutions

Using two recently published essays by the current writer that assesses the dismal record of performance of Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System in enabling communist legacy defence institutions in Central and Eastern Europe to develop viable defence plans, this essay argues the need for deep reforms in the region’s defence institutions. To guide this reform effort, pragmatic solutions are suggested to improve the ability of these organisations to produce viable defence plans. Recommended reforms are: (1) conduct conceptual and cultural “audits,” (2) make operational and financial data central to decision-making, (3) change current organisational sociology, (4) examine planning methods and practices, and (5) stress the need to adopt policy frameworks to drive the operation of defence institutions.     

Does military spending stimulate growth? An empirical investigation in Italy

This paper investigates the effect of military burden on economic growth and extends previous works on the optimal size of government expenditure by exploring how external threat affects the preferences of the households and, in turn, economic growth. Post World War II Italian data are used to estimate nonlinear growth models using time-series semi-parametric methods. The estimates show that total government and civilian burdens are productive, whereas, military burden has significant effects on economic growth through the expenditure for peacekeeping missions, which reduces the insecurity in the home country. This may justify economically the current not negligible budget devoted to peacekeeping and humanitarian missions.     

Analysis of down times of jib cranes—A stochastic approach

In this paper a case study dealing with the maintenance problem of jib cranes is presented. A jib crane is viewed as a complex system whose performance is observed as a single realization over period of time. After pointing out limitations of existing stochastic models to analyze the observed realization a new family of bivariate stochastic processes is introduced. The data of jib crane is analyzed using new model and cross‐validated using part of the data set. It is noted that the new family of stochastic processes is useful to analyze bivariate data where one of the variables is finitely valued and the other is nonnegative and continuous. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 231–243, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10006     

Cf/SiC复合材料制备过程对碳纤维的损伤

对几种类型的碳纤维在Cf/SiC复合材料制备工艺中的先驱体中氧含量及高温热处理和PCS浸渍裂解处理过程中造成的损伤进行了考察,并探讨了损伤机制.结果表明,碳纤维石墨化程度和表面状态的差别会对其在复合材料制备过程中的损伤程度产生影响.石墨化程度高的M40JB碳纤维损伤程度较大;表面呈活性的JC1#碳纤维对外界条件的变化较为敏感;而石墨化程度不高而表面不活泼的JC2#碳纤维则损伤程度较小且较稳定.     

嵌入式微处理器的多层次可配置仿真工具

为了适应嵌入式定制微处理器的开发的需要 ,克服现有微处理器仿真工具的某些不足 ,文中介绍了微处理器的仿真验证工具———VCPU的设计和实现方法。同其它微处理器仿真工具相比 ,该工具具有多层次 ,可配置 ,功能全面的特点。利用该工具 ,设计者可在设计早期进行系统集成验证 ,缩短设计周期并减少设计错误。该工具已经在嵌入式微处理器开发过程中得到成功应用     

Optimal control policies in service systems with limited information on the downstream stage

Existing models in multistage service systems assume full information on the state of downstream stages. In this paper, we investigate how much the lack of such information impacts jobs' waiting time in a two‐stage system with two types of jobs at the first stage. The goal is to find the optimal control policy for the server at the first stage to switch between type‐1 and type‐2 jobs, while minimizing the long‐run average number of jobs in the system. We identify control policies and corresponding conditions under which having no or partial information, the system can still capture the most benefit of having full information.     

Trade credit contract in the presence of retailer investment opportunity

This paper presents a model for designing a trade credit contract between a supplier and a retailer that would coordinate a supply chain in the presence of investment opportunity for the retailer. Specifically, we study a newsvendor model where the supplier offers a trade credit contract to the retailer who, by delaying the payment, can invest the accounts payable amount and earn returns. We find that when the channel partners have symmetric information about the retailer's investment return, a conditionally concessional trade credit (CTC) contract, which includes a wholesale price, an interest‐free period, and a minimum order requirement, can achieve channel coordination. We then extend the model to the information asymmetry setting in which the retailer's investment return is unobservable by the supplier. We show that, although the CTC contract cannot achieve the coordination in this setting, it can effectively improve channel efficiency as well as profitability for individual partners.     

基于多指标相似性的T/R组件剩余寿命融合预测方法

为实现对T/R组件剩余寿命的准确预测,及时掌握装备当前健康状态和提高装备维修保障水平,分析T/R组件的故障特点,筛选出反映T/R组件状态退化过程的状态监测指标,通过计算每个指标对应的剩余寿命信息和权重,得到T/R组件的剩余寿命预测结果。通过算例分析与比较,验证了预测方法的实用性与有效性。研究结果可为电子装备剩余寿命预测提供理论指导,对合理计划维修资源和提高装备战斗力具有重要意义。     

并联TBCC动力对高超声速飞行器性能的影响

针对马赫数为6的一级高超声速巡航飞行器的动力需求,提出涡轮/亚燃冲压/双模态超燃冲压组合动力（T/RJ/DMSJ）和射流预冷涡轮/亚燃冲压/双模态超燃冲压组合动力(PCT/RJ/DMSJ)两种方案。在给定的飞行任务下,分析起飞推重比分别为0.8和1.0时,飞行器完成任务时的航程和飞行时间,并对比了PCT/RJ/DMSJ在两种工作模态下的性能。研究结果表明：在相同的起飞推重比下,两种组合动力方案的航程和飞行时间相差不大。当起飞推重比为0.8时,采用PCT/RJ/DMSJ组合动力方案比T/RJ/DMSJ组合动力方案的航程高出3.6%,飞行时间高出3.8%;当起飞推重比为1.0时,PCT/RJ/DMSJ的航程和飞行时间比T/RJ/DMSJ的分别高出4.6%和4.8%。在小推重比下,跨声速段的燃料消耗和飞行时间占整个加速爬升段的比例较大,随着推重比的增加,这个比例减小,巡航可用的燃料比例增大,巡航距离增加,提高起飞推重比可以提高超声速飞行器的航程并缩短飞行时间。     

非合作目标视觉/惯导相对导航及敏感器自标定方法

利用视觉/惯导对空间非合作目标进行相对导航时,两敏感器的外参数对导航精度有较大影响。考虑到敏感器间的外参数标定复杂且耗时,提出一种利用视觉/惯导在估计相对状态过程中对其外参数进行标定的方法。该方法将视觉/惯导的外参数作为状态变量,与相对轨道运动学方程、相对姿态方程及惯导模型共同组成系统状态方程。利用该状态方程和单目视觉的观测量设计扩展卡尔曼滤波器对相对位姿、惯导偏差及视觉/惯导外参数进行估计,并通过数学仿真对该方法的有效性进行验证。仿真结果表明,该方法能够在视觉/惯导初始外参有偏差的情况下,有效估计相对位姿及惯导漂移,并对视觉/惯导外参数进行标定。