作战仿真数据集成框架研究及实现

作战仿真数据的集成与整合是我军数据工程建设项目的重要内容.以ETL及消息中间件(MOM)技术为基础,设计了一种基于消息中间件的抽取、转换、传输与加载(ETTL)的作战仿真数据集成框架.分析了系统结构模型及各模块相互关系,提出了一个可行的数据集成解决方案.介绍了一个分布式数据集成系统平台的设计与实现,并结合一个数据集成实例详细阐述了该系统在我军军事演习中的应用.     

美军作战概念开发特点及启示

创新军事思想、开发作战概念是推进军事转型和部队建设的关键抓手。美军秉承“创新提炼—集智研讨—实验验证”的作战概念开发机制,采取聚焦联合作战概念开发,以作战能力需求为牵引,通过突破前沿技术和研发关键装备,以法规制度和标准规范为强制约束的做法对于军队转型建设具有重要启示。本文提出,应着眼于军队的使命任务,强化军队作战概念设计,创新作战概念研究方式,形成“聚焦使命任务—研讨演示概念—体系设计概念—检验优化概念—形成概念产品—指导建设实践”的作战概念开发途径,支撑作战概念创新和前瞻性探索研究,并加强体制机制和标准规范建设,通过对作战概念开发的整体设计和约束规范,提升前瞻作战概念对作战实践的创新引领作用,加速推进军队转型建设。     

遥感数据用户需求融合处理技术

遥感数据是国家的基础性和战略性资源,在经济建设、国防建设、抢险救灾、生态环境保护等方面得到了广泛的应用,发挥着越来越重要的作用,各行各业对遥感数据的需求也越来越多。因此,如何提高对地观测资源的利用率,提高服务响应速度成为迫切需要解决的问题。采用自然语言处理技术,提出了一种用户需求融合处理方法,该方法可以有效地融合归并相同或者相似的用户需求,实现一图多用,引入需求预测和需求融合技术以提高需求融合效率,从而提高对地观测资源的利用率,达到事半功倍的效果。     

基于纯方位理论的运动舰船长度测量方法

获得运动舰船的船体长度对于航海避碰和目标识别具有重要的参考价值。然而,由于诸多因素的限制,现有视觉技术难以精确测量。为此,引入了纯方位目标运动分析理论结合双目视觉技术实现对运动舰船长度的测量。首先就所研究问题建立运动模型,推导了基于目标舰船方位、距离参数的舰船长度测量方法,针对该方法测量误差大的问题提出了基于航向、距离、方位的舰船长度测量方法。目标航向无法直接获取,为此引入基于纯方位理论的目标航向视觉估计方法,并进行了仿真验证。最后对两种舰船长度测量模型的误差进行了仿真比较分析,结果表明采用本文提出的"距离航向"法,当观测点位于目标舰船正横左右范围内时误差可以控制在10%内,"方位距离"法误差更小,适用的舷角范围更大。     

基于改进协方差控制的传感器管理算法

针对传统的基于协方差控制的传感器管理算法使用全遍历方法所造成的计算量大,以及传感器切换频繁的问题,提出了一种基于改进协方差控制的传感器管理算法。该算法在每一时刻首先判断前一时刻所用传感器组是否能够满足目标跟踪需求,以滤波协方差与期望协方差的偏差作为参考,结合量纲变换和特征值求取,为协方差偏差矩阵经过量纲变换后得到的量纲一致阵的所有特征值设定一个精度阈值,然后判断滤波协方差是否满足期望,从而决定是否维持当前选择的传感器组。在目标作匀速、匀加速、协同转弯等多种场景下进行了算法性能测试分析,仿真结果表明,该算法不仅在大部分场景下满足目标跟踪精度,而且能够提高传感器管理算法的实时性,同时降低传感器的切换频率。     

将“翻转课堂”应用于高校大学生就业创业指导课程的思考

大学生就业创业指导课程是在就业压力不断加大的形势下产生的一门应用学科。本文通过分析发现将翻转课堂应用于就业创业指导课程,可以有效提升就业创业指导课程的教学效果：可以有效改善目前就业创业指导课程注重理论讲解,缺乏实践指导的现状;拓展教学资源,创新教学设计,提升教学质量;能够激发学生学习兴趣。     

New sources of military change – armed forces as normal organizations

The literature on how European states have adapted to the post-cold war security environment ffocuses invariably on different understandings of military transformation, a process which is seen as inherently different from other forms of organizational change. However, as this paper argues, new management practices, going back to the introduction of so-called New Public Management (NPM) reforms throughout Europe in the 1980s, have eventually penetrated also the last bastion of the old state – the defense sector. Taking a critical approach to the idea of military transformation and existing theories of military change, the paper demonstrates how other international developments have pushed towards what may be seen as a “normalization” of Europe’s defense sectors. This has important implications for how we approach and understand change in contemporary defense organizations.     

军队科研机构推进国防知识产权转化运用

军队科研机构作为国家科技创新体系的重要组成部分,承担了大量科技创新任务,产生了许多具有自主知识产权的高水平科技成果,推动军队科研机构国防知识产权转化运用,是贯彻军民融合发展战略的必要途径。分析了军队科研机构国防知识产权转化的现状及制约转化的现实障碍,并结合实际探讨了推进军队科研机构国防知识产权转化的建议举措。     

Quantitative monitoring of military transformation in the period 1992–2010: Do the protagonists of transformation really change more than other countries?

Military transformation is a complex, slow, asymmetric, changeable, political, and not necessarily completely rational process that clearly needs an effective monitoring mechanism. This paper fills a gap in current literature by creating and testing a model for multi-dimensional and multi-level quantitative monitoring of military transformation applicable in any country. The model is based on 10 transformation indicators that reflect changes in organizational structure, personnel structure, weapon systems, and defense spending. Its application on a sample of seven countries (USA, United Kingdom, France, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, and China) in the period from 1992 to 2010 unexpectedly shows that the USA – a protagonist in the transformation process among allies as well as globally – has carried out the smallest relative change. The non-directed transformation index indicates that Russia carried out 51.8% more change (or 34.1 index units), and the directed index indicates that Poland carried out 157.2% (or 40.8 index units) more change than the USA.     

An extensible modeling framework for dynamic reassignment and rerouting in cooperative airborne operations

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), increasingly vital to the success of military operations, operate in a complex and dynamic environment, sometimes in concert with manned aircraft. We present an extensible modeling framework for the solution to the dynamic resource management (DRM) problem, where airborne resources must be reassigned to time‐sensitive tasks in response to changes in battlespace conditions. The DRM problem is characterized by diverse tasks with time windows, heterogeneous resources with fuel‐ and payload‐capacity limitations, and multiple competing objectives. We propose an integer linear programing formulation for this problem, where mathematical feasibility is guaranteed. Although motivated by airborne military operations, the proposed general modeling framework is applicable to a wide array of settings, such as disaster relief operations. Additionally, land‐ or water‐based operations may be modeled within this framework, as well as any combination of manned and unmanned vehicles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010