凹槽构型对平板气层减阻影响试验分析

通过平板凹槽喷气减阻模型试验,研究了航速和气流量等因素对平板气层减阻规律的影响,并利用水下摄像系统对不同凹槽构型内的气层形态进行了观测。试验结果表明:不喷气时凹槽的存在会使平板的阻力增加;喷气可以有效减小平板阻力,存在饱和气流量;饱和气流量随着槽深的增加而减小,饱和气流量下平板的绝对减阻率随航速的增加而降低;设置凹槽构型是保持平板下表面气层稳定性的有效措施,合适的凹槽构型可以明显改善平板底部喷气流场,提高平板喷气减阻效果;在Fr为0.119时,饱和气流量下平板的绝对减阻率可以达到40%以上。     

时变最优条件数的目标要素解算方法

纯方位目标跟踪是一个典型的非线性问题,伪线性跟踪估计器是理论和工程上解决该问题的一类重要方法。针对纯方位观测模型伪线性化后,系统存在弱可观测性问题,提出了一种时变最优条件数的目标要素解算新方法,理论上给出了一个改善系统可观测性的最优乘数因子。在系统条件数和参数估计的收敛概率两个方面,数值仿真和实验数据验证都表明新方法要优于经典纯方位伪线性化方法。     

基于匹配处理的纯方位目标运动分析方法

以被动声纳观测的目标方位信息为基础,将匹配处理技术用到目标运动参数纯方位估计中,建立了进行纯方位目标运动分析的匹配处理模型,给出相关的优化处理算法,并通过仿真计算验证了模型的有效性。仿真结果表明该算法在目标运动参数的收敛时间和距离等指标上有较明显改善。     

Capacity expansion under a service‐level constraint for uncertain demand with lead times

For a service provider facing stochastic demand growth, expansion lead times and economies of scale complicate the expansion timing and sizing decisions. We formulate a model to minimize the infinite horizon expected discounted expansion cost under a service‐level constraint. The service level is defined as the proportion of demand over an expansion cycle that is satisfied by available capacity. For demand that follows a geometric Brownian motion process, we impose a stationary policy under which expansions are triggered by a fixed ratio of demand to the capacity position, i.e., the capacity that will be available when any current expansion project is completed, and each expansion increases capacity by the same proportion. The risk of capacity shortage during a cycle is estimated analytically using the value of an up‐and‐out partial barrier call option. A cutting plane procedure identifies the optimal values of the two expansion policy parameters simultaneously. Numerical instances illustrate that if demand grows slowly with low volatility and the expansion lead times are short, then it is optimal to delay the start of expansion beyond when demand exceeds the capacity position. Delays in initiating expansions are coupled with larger expansion sizes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009     

The Early Responses of Air-backed plate subjected to underwater explosion with aluminized explosives

This work aims to research the effects on the early responses of the air-backed plate subjected to the loading generated by the underwater explosion with aluminized explosives. The loading characteristics of underwater explosion for ideal explosive (TNT), aluminized explosives (RS211 and RBUL) are obtained experimentally. The tested aluminized explosives have different energy output compared with TNT. Based on the Taylor plate theory, the early responses of the air-backed steel plate affected by the measured loading is analyzed. The analytical results indicate that the pressure curve of the shock wave within 1 time decay constant is the main factor affecting the kick-off velocity of the plate when cavitation occurring. The velocity responses of the plate produced by the loading of RS211 and RBUL are obviously different with that of an equivalent TNT charge, which also indicates validity and suitability should be noticed in the case of substituting TNT for aluminized explosives. Moreover, the uncertainties in the responses of the plate produced by RS211 and RBUL are much larger than TNT.     

基于多时刻目标运动模式分布的多模型算法

在机动目标跟踪过程中,传感器在利用量测数据计算目标状态的同时,需要完成对目标运动模式的估计,并根据估计结果对传感器滤波方程的参数或结构进行调整,以减小滤波方程与目标运动模式之间的差异,提高对机动目标的跟踪精度.针对已有多模型算法的不足,利用多个时刻的目标运动模式分布来解决混合估计问题,提出一种新的次优多模型(MTMM)算法.仿真结果证明了MTMM算法的有效性.     

基于模板的无人机机动动作建模与仿真

研究了常用的无人机机动模板构建和机动动作生成算法,构建了基于控制量的基本机动模板,以低空跃升攻击动作为例,对动作进行了分解,将此机动动作的各部分利用基本机动模板进行拼接,并对其进行了仿真。结果表明,算法可依据任务和无人机控制约束将模板拼接成可行的机动动作,从而较大程度地提升了无人机机动动作设计的灵活性。     

机载UWB SAR实时信号处理算法研究

机载超宽带合成孔径雷达(UWB SAR)实时信号处理具有大数据量、大计算量等特点。用于实时信号处理的NCS算法需要较大的存储空间,针对这个问题,提出了改进的NCS算法,减小实时成像处理对存储空间的要求。同时,给出了UWB SAR实时信号处理的流程,分析了前向速度误差对成像质量的影响,推导了在改进NCS算法中基于测量数据的视线误差补偿的性能,采用仿真数据和实测数据对整个系统的性能进行了验证。     

空间非合作目标贴近扫描观测的制导方法研究

随着微小卫星技术的不断发展,对目标航天器的近距离观测已成为一类新的航天任务,在空间态势感知、在轨服务等方面具有重要作用和广泛应用前景。针对大型空间非合作目标的近距离扫描观测问题,提出了一种基于改进的人工势场法的制导方法,设计了平行于目标区域表面的引力场函数和垂直于目标区域表面的斥力场函数,由引力场来提供前进的加速度,并满足成像拖影量的约束,由斥力场来处理分辨率和碰撞避免约束。所得到的观测航天器轨迹能够很好地跟随目标区域形状,实现对空间非合作目标区域连续稳定的扫描观测,且所需要的速度增量不大,计算量较小,便于星上执行。     

凹腔上游横向喷流混合过程的实验研究

利用基于纳米粒子的平面激光散射(NPLS)技术研究了超燃冲压模型发动机中凹腔上游横向喷注乙烯燃料时凹腔附近的流场,主要研究了燃料射流与主流的混合过程;对比了在不同喷注压力下燃料射流穿透度的变化;研究了不同凹腔参数对燃料与主流混合过程的影响。通过研究发现,喷注压力对燃料射流与主流混合效果的影响主要体现在两个方面,射流的穿透度和射流的扩散;对燃料射流来说,与主流混合的主要阶段为大涡的形成直至破碎阶段;在喷注总压相同下,喷注位置靠近凹腔有利于燃料射流与主流的混合和向凹腔内的输运;凹腔构型对燃料射流的影响主要在于大尺度结构开始发展破碎的阶段。