Efficiency of equilibria in restricted uniform machine scheduling with total weighted completion time as social cost

In the last decade, there has been much progress in understanding scheduling problems in which selfish jobs aim to minimize their individual completion time. Most of this work has focused on makespan minimization as social objective. In contrast, we consider as social cost the total weighted completion time, that is, the sum of the agent costs, a standard definition of welfare in economics. In our setting, jobs are processed on restricted uniform parallel machines, where each machine has a speed and is only capable of processing a subset of jobs; a job's cost is its weighted completion time; and each machine sequences its jobs in weighted shortest processing time (WSPT) order. Whereas for the makespan social cost the price of anarchy is not bounded by a constant in most environments, we show that for our minsum social objective the price of anarchy is bounded above by a small constant, independent of the instance. Specifically, we show that the price of anarchy is exactly 2 for the class of unit jobs, unit speed instances where the finite processing time values define the edge set of a forest with the machines as nodes. For the general case of mixed job strategies and restricted uniform machines, we prove that the price of anarchy equals 4. From a classical machine scheduling perspective, our results establish the same constant performance guarantees for WSPT list scheduling. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

基于案例决策理论的仿真任务共同体服务选择算法

资源分配优化是面向服务（ SOA）的大型多用途仿真系统的关键问题,而含有不确定状态或效果的服务选择是资源分配优化中的一个难点。针对以上问题,提出了构建仿真任务共同体的方法,基于案例的决策理论（ CBDT）的思想,设计了一种不确定型仿真任务共同体服务选择算法（ CBDSSA）。算法通过服务选择案例相似度的层次化运算,生成相似历史案例集,计算得到相似历史案例的方案效用值,最终评估出目标服务选择方案综合效用值并排序备选。算例验证表明,算法约束条件少,层次结构分明,运算结果直观,为仿真任务共同体服务选择问题提供了一种新的思路和实践手段,对大型多用途仿真系统资源分配优化研究具有一定的参考价值。     

Arms trade,arms control,and security: Collective action issues

This article puts forth collection action as a unifying theme for the conference essays on arms trade, control, and production. For each of these topics, collective action failures are related to group size and group composition considerations. Other issues are also examined including the manner in which individual contributions determine the overall level of the associated collective good ‐ the so‐called aggregation technology of public supply. Based on alternative aggregation technologies, the game‐theoretic underpinnings of these arms issues are explored.     

Inventory management with advance capacity information

An important aspect of supply chain management is dealing with demand and supply uncertainty. The uncertainty of future supply can be reduced if a company is able to obtain advance capacity information (ACI) about future supply/production capacity availability from its supplier. We address a periodic‐review inventory system under stochastic demand and stochastic limited supply, for which ACI is available. We show that the optimal ordering policy is a state‐dependent base‐stock policy characterized by a base‐stock level that is a function of ACI. We establish a link with inventory models that use advance demand information (ADI) by developing a capacitated inventory system with ADI, and we show that equivalence can only be set under a very specific and restrictive assumption, implying that ADI insights will not necessarily hold in the ACI environment. Our numerical results reveal several managerial insights. In particular, we show that ACI is most beneficial when there is sufficient flexibility to react to anticipated demand and supply capacity mismatches. Further, most of the benefits can be achieved with only limited future visibility. We also show that the system parameters affecting the value of ACI interact in a complex way and therefore need to be considered in an integrated manner. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

Theoretical calculation and experimental study on the interaction mechanism between TKX-50 and AP

The combination of 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) and ammonium perchlorate (AP) can make greater use of the chemical energy of TKX-50 based energetic materials. The research on the interaction mechanism between TKX-50 and AP is very important for designing TKX-50-AP compounds and judging the formation feasibility of composite particles, which can lay a theoretical foundation for the preparation of TKX-50-AP mixed crystals and the application of TKX-50 in propellant, propellant and explosive. Herein, in order to research the interaction mechanism between TKX-50 and AP, density-functional theory calculation was applied to optimize three configurations of TKX-50-AP compounds. The geometry structure, electrostatic potential and binding energy of the compounds were predicted, and the electronic density topological analysis was also carried out. Then TKX-50-AP mixed crystals structures were constructed, and the radial distribution function of H–O and H–N in mixed crystals was calculated. Finally, solvent/non-solvent method was applied to prepare TKX-50-AP composites, and the infrared spectroscopy and the non-isothermal decomposition performance of the composites were characterized. Results show that the superposition of positive charges in TKX-50 molecule and negative charges in AP makes the electrostatic potential distributions of TKX-50-AP compounds different from that of TKX-50 and AP. The interaction energies of TKX-50-AP 1, TKX-50-AP 2 and TKX-50-AP 3 are 39.743 kJ/mol, 61.206 kJ/mol and 27.702 kJ/mol, respectively. The interaction between TKX-50 molecules and AP molecules in TKX-50-AP mixed crystals both depends on hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force, and the number and strength of hydrogen bonds are significantly greater than that of van der Waals force. The composition of AP and TKX-50 makes the absorption peak of the five-membered rings and NH₃OH⁺ of TKX-50 shift to low wavenumber in the infrared spectroscopy. In general, TKX-50 interacts with AP via hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The composition of TKX-50 and AP can also prolong the decomposition process.     

水雾扩散模型仿真

建立水雾红外衰减模型时,通常把水雾空间看作单一均匀整体处理,然而雾滴的扩散现象使水雾的雾滴密度无法保证处处相等,所以仿真结果与实际情况相比普遍存在较大偏差。针对这一问题,基于高斯扩散理论与Mie散射理论,提出了一种新的建模方案。通过将水雾空间划分为多个子空间,并计算每个子空间内水雾消光性能的建模方法,提高建模的准确性。同时结合红外制导导弹来袭的方向变化,计算出不同方向上的水雾消光性能。从仿真结果可以看出,这种建模方式能够很好地克服以往建模方法的缺陷,为探索水雾的精确建模提供了一种新思路。     

Two‐stage component test plans for testing the reliability of a series system

A system reliability is often evaluated by individual tests of components that constitute the system. These component test plans have advantages over complete system based tests in terms of time and cost. In this paper, we consider the series system with n components, where the lifetime of the i‐th component follows exponential distribution with parameter λ_i. Assuming test costs for the components are different, we develop an efficient algorithm to design a two‐stage component test plan that satisfies the usual probability requirements on the system reliability and in addition minimizes the maximum expected cost. For the case of prior information in the form of upper bounds on λ_i's, we use the genetic algorithm to solve the associated optimization problems which are otherwise difficult to solve using mathematical programming techniques. The two‐stage component test plans are cost effective compared to single‐stage plans developed by Rajgopal and Mazumdar. We demonstrate through several numerical examples that our approach has the potential to reduce the overall testing costs significantly. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 49: 95–116, 2002; DOI 10.1002/nav.1051     

引入权重因子的证据合成方法

D-S理论是一种有效的不确定性推理方法,但在证据完全冲突或冲突较大时,D-S证据合成公式失效.Yager等学者对此作了改进,但是改进后合成公式又存在着新的问题.考虑到证据在合成过程中的重要程度不同,将权重因子引入到合成公式中,通过权重因子的作用和冲突概率的重新分配,提出了引入权重因子的D-S证据合成方法,新的合成公式提高了证据合成的可靠性和合理性,可得到更为理想的合成结果.     

非相参三点源有源诱偏下ARM弹着点研究

非相参多点源诱偏技术是对抗反辐射导弹(ARM)的有效手段。以ARM目标分辨的二分组理论和双点源诱偏的仿真结果为依据,对等功率三点源诱偏的2种经典布局的ARM落点整体分布进行预测。通过对ARM落点和系统被击中概率曲线的分析及拟合处理,验证了预测的正确性及系统被击中概率与占地面积的相关性,为通信辐射源抗ARM的布设提供一定的参考。     

社区体育开展的理论依据与现状

社区体育发展理论与实践不仅关系到人们身体健康大事,更关系到和谐社会的大事。随着我国城市化进程的加快,我国社区体育无论从理论还是实践都有较大的发展,但还有许多不足之处,正确认识我国社区体育现状有利于其更加健康的发展。