Moving Beyond Population-Centric vs. Enemy-Centric Counterinsurgency

Historically, insurgency is one of the most prevalent forms of armed conflict and it is likely to remain common in the foreseeable future. Recent experiences with counterinsurgency in Iraq and Afghanistan offer many lessons for future counterinsurgents, but the discourse on the subject continues to be mired in a traditional dichotomy pitting population-centric approaches to counterinsurgency against enemy-centric approaches. Historical analysis suggests that this traditional dichotomy is not a sufficiently nuanced way to understand or plan for such operations. Instead, discussions of counterinsurgency should focus on two dimensions: actions (use of physical force vs. political or moral actions) and targets (active insurgents vs. insurgent support). This perspective divides the space of possible counterinsurgency efforts into four quadrants, suggesting that effective counterinsurgency campaigns find a balance of effort across the four quadrants that is well matched to the specific context.     

Implementing the Global Strategy where it matters most: the EU’s credibility deficit and the European neighbourhood

The EU Global Strategy (EUGS) is a broad and ambitious document in terms of its geographic scope and thematic priorities. However, the EU cannot devote equal attention to all aspects of the EUGS; so there is still scope for more clarity regarding the EU’s core strategic aims. This article argues that in addition to fostering internal cohesion, the EU’s strategic priority must involve stabilizing its own neighbourhood. This task has challenged the EU for decades because of an inherent credibility deficit regarding the EU’s own capabilities, yet the EUGS does not diagnose and remedy this problem as effectively as it could have. Therefore much more work will need to be done in terms of reforming EU institutions and developing common capabilities if the EU hopes to achieve its central internal and external security goals as outlined in the EUGS and related policy statements.     

Introduction: one-and-a-half cheers for the EU Global Strategy

EU High Representative Federica Mogherini presented her EU Global Strategy (EUGS) in June 2016. Encircled by security crises, it is difficult to think of something more important for Europe than collective action with the aim of weathering the storm. The EUGS, in this respect, seeks to define common ends and identify means. So what do we make of the EUGS? What does the EUGS tell us about the current role of the EU in global affairs? And how will the withdrawal of the UK from the EU affect foreign and security policy? As a way of introduction to the forum, this article notes that the EUGS focuses on the neighbourhood, puts the interests of European citizens first, identifies civilian means, and has created momentum on security policy. The key question, however, remains whether there is any interest in the EUGS beyond the foreign policy elites.     

中国高等教育评估发展历程、成就与问题浅析

我国高等教育评估经历了徘徊、恢复、起步、试点和正规化阶段。随着时间的推移,我国正坚实地走在不断完善高等教育评估的道路之上,目的扭曲、被动响应、结果失常、指标刚性、道德隔离,影响封闭等问题不断但是成绩也应得到关注与肯定。机遇与挑战并存是中国高等教育评估自进入21世纪以来所面对世界竞争的真实写照。本文采用文献研究法,首先将从论述新中国高等教育评估发展历程入手,其次在肯定数十年发展成果的前提下,最后着重针对当前评估机制暴露的典型问题进行总结。     

海洋水下战场态势仿真系统的设计与实现?

在作战仿真领域,由于水下战场环境的特殊性以及水下作战对抗的复杂性,构建具有水下战场实景态势展现以及水下作战对抗演示分析等功能的仿真系统始终是一个难点问题。基于现代海战条件下水下对抗的应用背景,设计实现了海洋水下战场态势仿真系统,给出系统的功能结构、功能流程以及数据处理流程和方案,并对系统的开发部署进行了具体实现,应用情况表明系统能够实现对水下战场实景态势的高精度仿真,可作为海洋水下战场实景态势的演示分析研究平台和水下作战对抗的论证评估工具。     

【专题】无人机系统发展阶段和智能化趋势

本文根据无人机系统的主要技术特征对其发展阶段进行了分析概括,并对其智能化趋势进行了展望。首先,通过分析无人机系统的百余年发展历程和核心特点,将无人机系统的发展划分为萌芽起步阶段、初步发展阶段、崛起发展阶段、蓬勃发展阶段、稳步发展阶段和智能化发展阶段;其次,从主要特征、使命任务、任务载荷、导航系统和控制方式等角度对各个阶段特点进行了多维分析和对比;最后,从单体无人系统智能化（认知智能）、无人集群系统智能化（群体智能）和有人-无人系统智能化（混合智能）三个方面分析了无人机系统发展的智能化趋势。希冀这种从具体技术特征的角度来划分无人机系统发展阶段的方法对厘清无人机系统发展历程和趋势具有一定借鉴意义。     

户式集中空调在民用住宅中的应用及发展

简单介绍户式集中空调系统的由来,分析了制冷剂系统、风机盘管加新风系统、全空气系统3种类型的优缺点。结合工程实例,总结出全空气系统舒适、节能、低成本的特点。对户式集中空调的发展及其普及要解决的问题提出了自己的见解,最后指出其有着广阔的前景。     

高超声速飞行器发展战略研究

提出了发展高超声速武器的迫切性 ,分析了当前美、俄两种最新性能导弹PAC Ⅲ ,9M96E的气动布局及操纵控制形式 ,指出这是一种很有创意、能大幅度提高导弹作战性能的设计思想和技术途径。研究了我国在研、预研高超声速导弹对气动技术的需求。     

对防空导弹武器系统工程研制过程中若干问题的思考

防空导弹武器系统研制是一项非常复杂的工程 ,研制过程中会碰到各种各样的问题。对一些带有普遍性的问题进行了讨论 ,以期引起设计人员的重视。     

混合攻击机机群在空战中的最优控制策略

研究了混合攻击机机群在对由截击 -歼击机机群组成的敌国土防空系统进行突防过程中的最优控制方法 ,以攻击机的最小突防损失为战效指标 ,给出了其最优控制策略。