无人机感知避让技术分析

无人机的安全性能特别是防相撞能力是影响无人机发展的一个重要因素,无人机感知避让技术是防止无人机发生相撞事故的重要保证。为了解和发展无人机感知避让技术,从无人机空中态势感知、飞行冲突预测和飞行冲突解脱3个方面对当前感知避让技术的研究现状进行了总结介绍,探讨了无人机防相撞工作的发展趋势。     

无人机电磁弹射器效能分析

无人机电磁弹射器是一个由多子系统构成的装备,且各部分之间联系紧密,并不同程度的影响着整体效能。为了确定各组成部分与电磁弹射器效能的影响关系,对其进行系统评价,将系统的整体效能分解为几种典型的效能指标,并采用关联矩阵法(RMA)对由弹射器子系统和效能指标构成的评价体系进行分析。明确了电磁弹射器各部分对系统效能的影响程度,并给出了提高电磁弹射器效能指标的几点建议。     

基于概率分布的硬件木马检测特征选择方法

针对基于旁路信号分析的硬件木马检测中存在的高维以及信号冗余度高等问题,寻求一种特征选择方法在降维、降低冗余度方面的可行性,通过考虑样本概率的分布情况,提出了一种以散度和Bhattacharyya距离作为可分性判据的特征选择方法。首先分析了旁路信号的特征选择问题,然后阐述了基于散度和Bhattacharyya距离的可分性判据,最后在FPGA中植入硬件木马,采用K-L方法进行实验,通过对样本特征选择前后的检测效果发现,这种特征选择方法不仅有助于分辨"金片"与含木马的待测芯片间旁路信号的统计差异,而且与分类错误率建立联系,更好地实现了硬件木马的检测。     

改进的Canny算法在直焊缝图像缺陷边缘检测中的应用

对含有夹渣、气孔和裂纹缺陷的直焊缝X射线图像进行缺陷的边缘检测时,传统的Canny算法虽然可以检测出缺陷的边缘,但具有自适应差和容易出现伪边缘的缺点。提出了一种改进的Canny算法,对经过非极大值抑制后的梯度直方图,利用像素最值梯度和像素最值梯度方差自适应获取连接缺陷边缘所需的高、低阈值;同时也改进了计算梯度图像所需的模板。实验结果证明,改进的Canny算法不仅进一步抑制了噪声,也避免了伪边缘的出现,在保留缺陷的边缘细节方面具有良好的效果。     

制导雷达组网反隐身探测效能评估

反隐身技术现已成为国土防空预警探测领域中的研究热点。为了评估制导雷达反隐身探测效能,依据隐身目标的电磁散射特性和制导雷达相关技术参数,引入了影响制导雷达组网反隐身探测效能的两个因子:雷达探测覆盖系数和保精度系数,基于上述因子建立了单基地制导雷达反隐身探测效能评估模型,推导出了衡量单基地制导雷达组网反隐身探测效能评估的数学表达式,通过仿真验证了该方法的合理性。该仿真结果为雷达组网探测隐身飞机目标提供了理论参考。     

****OFDM水声通信自适应调制算法研究

分析预估信道长度对信道估计算法的影响规律,提出了利用水声通信均衡恢复信号统计量对信道估计质量实时评估的方法,通过信道长度自适应修正机制,实现了对未知水声信道高精度、快速估计;针对水声信道造成的OFDM子载波特性差异,基于信道估计结果,提出了在码元总速率、能量约束条件下,各个OFDM子载波局部速率、功率优化分配的自适应调制算法,相比于传统的等功率、速率分配算法,新算法能够显著提升水声通信系统的误码率性能,通过仿真和实地试验,验证了本文研究内容的有效性。     

INS辅助的GNSS接收机信号捕获性能分析

针对信号捕获过程中Doppler频移造成的影响,采用INS辅助的GNSS信号捕获方法,分析了INS辅助后卫星信号捕获的性能。利用INS速度误差方程与Doppler误差之间的关系,分析INS辅助后的捕获性能,并通过性能参数的比较,理论上验证了INS辅助后的捕获能力的提升。仿真结果表明,INS辅助能够有效提高信号捕获的检测概率和对弱信号的捕获能力,并大幅减小平均捕获时间。同时,考虑到INS器件参数的关键性作用,采用战术级的INS器件完全满足工程需求。     

自然场景车标数据集的构建及其应用

车标作为车辆身份的关键特征之一,在车辆的监控与辨识中发挥着重要作用。由于自然场景复杂多变,对其中的车标进行准确识别仍具有很大的挑战性。目前公开数据库很少且存在诸多局限,导致研究缺乏可信度和实用性。本文建立了一个面向自然场景的全新数据集,包含多种采集环境下的10 324幅、67类车辆图像。基于此数据集开展应用研究,提出一个目标检测与深度学习相结合的车标识别方法,包括车标区域定位和车标种类预测两大步骤。实验表明,该方法对复杂背景有较强的适应性,在涉及30种车标的分类任务中达到89.0%的总体识别率。     

Bidirectional parallel multi-branch convolution feature pyramid network for target detection in aerial images of swarm UAVs

In this paper, based on a bidirectional parallel multi-branch feature pyramid network (BPMFPN), a novel one-stage object detector called BPMFPN Det is proposed for real-time detection of ground multi-scale targets by swarm unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). First, the bidirectional parallel multi-branch convolution modules are used to construct the feature pyramid to enhance the feature expression abilities of different scale feature layers. Next, the feature pyramid is integrated into the single-stage object detection framework to ensure real-time performance. In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, experiments are conducted on four datasets. For the PASCAL VOC dataset, the proposed algorithm achieves the mean average precision (mAP) of 85.4 on the VOC 2007 test set. With regard to the detection in optical remote sensing (DIOR) dataset, the proposed algorithm achieves 73.9 mAP. For vehicle detection in aerial imagery (VEDAI) dataset, the detection accuracy of small land vehicle (slv) targets reaches 97.4 mAP. For unmanned aerial vehicle detection and tracking (UAVDT) dataset, the proposed BPMFPN Det achieves the mAP of 48.75. Compared with the previous state-of-the-art methods, the results obtained by the proposed algorithm are more competitive. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively solve the problem of real-time detection of ground multi-scale targets in aerial images of swarm UAVs.     

Electronic warfare in the optical band: Main features,examples and selected measurement data

The paper presents the possibilities of, and methods for, acquiring, analysing and processing optical signals in order to recognise, identify and counteract threats on the contemporary battleground. The main ways electronic warfare is waged in the optical band of the electromagnetic wave spectrum have been formulated, including the acquisition of optical emitter signatures, as well as ultraviolet (UV) and thermal (IR) signatures. The physical parameters and values describing the emission of laser radiation are discussed, including their importance in terms of creating optical signatures. Moreover, it has been shown that in the transformation of optical signals into signatures, only their spectral and temporal parameters can be applied. This was confirmed in experimental part of the paper, which includes our own measurements of spectral and temporal emission characteristics for three types of binocular laser rangefinders. It has been further shown that through simple registration and quick analysis involving comparison of emission time parameters in the case of UV signatures in “solar-blind” band, various events can be identified quickly and faultlessly. The same is true for IR signatures, where the amplitudes of the recorded signal for several wavelengths are compared. This was confirmed experimentally for UV signatures by registering and then analyzing signals from several events during military exercises at a training ground, namely Rocket Propelled Grenade (RPG) launches and explosions after hitting targets, trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosions, firing armour-piercing, fin-stabilised, discarding sabots (APFSDS) or high explosive (HE) projectiles. The final section describes a proposed model database of emitters, created as a result of analysing and transforming the recorded signals into optical signatures.