Lateral stock transshipments in a two‐location inventory system with fixed and joint replenishment costs

We address the problem of inventory management in a two‐location inventory system, in which the transshipments are carried out as means of emergency or alternative supply after demand has been realized. This model differs from previous ones as regards its replenishment costs structure, in which nonnegligible fixed replenishment costs and a joint replenishment cost are considered. The single period planning horizon is analyzed, with the form and several properties of the optimal replenishment and transshipment policies developed, discussed and illustrated. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 525–547, 1999     

Dynamic pricing and replenishment: Optimality,bounds, and asymptotics

In many applications, managers face the problem of replenishing and selling products during a finite time horizon. We investigate the problem of making dynamic and joint decisions on product replenishment and selling in order to improve profit. We consider a backlog scenario in which penalty cost (resulting from fulfillment delay) and accommodation cost (resulting from shortage at the end of the selling horizon) are incurred. Based on continuous‐time and discrete‐state dynamic programming, we study the optimal joint decisions and characterize their structural properties. We establish an upper bound for the optimal expected profit and develop a fluid policy by resorting to the deterministic version of the problem (ie, the fluid problem). The fluid policy is shown to be asymptotically optimal for the original stochastic problem when the problem size is sufficiently large. The static nature of the fluid policy and its lack of flexibility in matching supply with demand motivate us to develop a “target‐inventory” heuristic, which is shown, numerically, to be a significant improvement over the fluid policy. Scenarios with discrete feasible sets and lost‐sales are also discussed in this article.     

科技军民融合政策制度

科技军民融合政策制度是推动军民科技协同创新向纵深发展的基本保障和环境条件。分析了我国科技军民融合政策与管理制度的内涵、分类和组成,调研了我国科技领域军民融合有关政策现状及最新试点情况,分析了当前我国科技军民融合政策制度的缺陷点、薄弱环节,研究了国外科技有关的军民融合政策体系构建的规律及启示,提出了我国科技军民融合政策制度建设的基本思路、组织框架、建设重点和推进措施,以为我国科技军民融合政策的制定提供理论保障和决策依据。     

积极探索训练规律,加强学员军事基础素质的培养

通过研究“4+1”人才培养模式下学员军事基础素质培养过程,改革军事基础课程教学体系和学员队管理模式,实现军事基础教学与学员队管理的有机衔接,强化学员旅的教学管理职能,形成“三位一体”的学员军事基础素质培养模式,建立学员军事基础素质评价的指标体系。     

突发重大疫情风险管理支撑方法研究【专题】

突发重大疫情后,科学的风险管理方法可为有效规避和控制风险提供有力支撑。在突发重大疫情风险管理中,风险识别是基础,风险评估是核心,风险控制是目的。本文系统梳理与分析了风险管理中的常用方法,包括风险识别中的现场勘查法、事故树分析法、过程回溯法、专家认证法和案例分析法等5种方法,风险评估中的风险坐标图法、关键风险指标法、蒙特卡罗法、因果关系法和综合评价法等5种方法,以及风险控制决策中的成本收益决策法、决策树法和损失期望值决策法等3种方法,并对每种方法如何在此次由新型冠状病毒引发的突发重大疫情中实践应用进行了举例说明,可为今后在应对突发重大疫情时进行科学风险识别、有效风险评估和精准风险控制决策提供借鉴与参考。     

我国数据驱动管理决策研究现状分析

数据驱动管理决策研究是大数据时代管理工程领域研究的重要方向。本文提出了基于社会网络分析方法的总体思路,采集、清洗和处理了我国数据驱动管理决策研究文献数据,建立了文献数据的共词矩阵,并进行了共词分析,构建了我国数据驱动管理决策研究的社群图,从点度中心度、接近中心度和中间中心度等方面研究了我国数据驱动管理决策研究现状,提出了当前研究热点和研究对象。此外,我们从大数据时代管理决策特点规律和作用机理揭示、数据驱动管理决策体系框架构建和要素分析、管理决策数据驱动技术工具和模型构建等方面总结了未来研究重点和趋势。研究结论对于我国开展数据驱动的管理决策理论研究和实践应用能够提供参考借鉴。     

雾霭图像实时处理算法加速策略

为仿真前视红外导引头实时匹配导引过程,完成目标实时跟踪性判断,针对限制对比度自适应直方图均衡和归一化互相关算法开展加速策略研究,提出基于统一计算设备架构(Compute Unified Device Architecture, CUDA)的雾霭图像实时处理加速方案,并进行设计参数寻优,得出线程块、线程网格设计参数存在最优尺寸,需实验测定的结论。实验结果表明,引入CUDA加速优化后,较未进行CUDA加速前时间指标提高5~20倍,能够满足目标跟踪实时性要求,可为红外导引头目标实时跟踪系统设计提供参考。     

The market and the military profession: competition and change in the case of Sweden

The rise of private military and security companies (PMSCs) challenges our notion of military professionals. PMSCs bring new claims to professional status and legitimacy outside military institutions and represent an increasing diffusion of - and competition over - military and security expertise. In light of this development, understanding the formation of professional identities in military and private security organisations is as an important undertaking. This paper contributes to this endeavour by analysing professional self-images in the Swedish Armed Forces and how these relate to PMSCs. The study is based on data collected from official documents, semi-structured interviews and a small-scale survey among senior military officers. Focusing on military understandings of PMSCs and contractors, the analysis provides much-needed insight into relational aspects of professional identity formation outside the US context. Furthermore, it points to discrepancies in organisational and group levels in understandings of commercial security actors, and paves the way for future research.     

The transshipment fund mechanism: Coordinating the decentralized multilocation transshipment problem

The multilocation replenishment and transshipment problem is concerned with several retailers facing random demand for the same item at distinct markets, that may use transshipments to eliminate excess inventory/shortages after demand realization. When the system is decentralized so that each retailer operates to maximize their own profit, there are incentive problems that prevent coordination. These problems arise even with two retailers who may pay each other for transshipped units. We propose a new mechanism based on a transshipment fund, which is the first to coordinate the system, in a fully noncooperative setting, for all instances of two retailers as well as all instances of any number of retailers. Moreover, our mechanism strongly coordinates the system, i.e., achieves coordination as the unique equilibrium. The computation and information requirements of this mechanism are realistic and relatively modest. We also present necessary and sufficient conditions for coordination and prove they are always satisfied with our mechanism. Numerical examples illustrate some of the properties underlying this mechanism for two retailers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

战士情绪情感对部队管理工作的影响探析

新形势下引发的战士情绪、情感等心理活动及现实思想问题越来越明显,干部要善于引导战士分化情绪和情感,强化积极面,抑制消极面。一方面基层干部自身要牢固树立＂以兵为本＂的理念;另一方面要教会战士自我调解情绪情感的方法。此外,有条件的单位可建立战士心理健康档案和预防与干预机制。