俄军装甲车辆动力装置的综合效能评估

为了对装甲车辆的动力装置进行有效地评价,采用反映其战术技术效能水平的评价指标,应用加权平均的评价方法对俄军典型装甲车辆的动力装置进行了综合评估,其评价指标及评价方法对未来我军装甲车辆的论证具有指导意义.     

陆军智能化无人化作战体系构建

文章基于智能化无人化技术发展对陆军战争形态演化的驱动作用,阐述了智能无人作战体系在陆军全地域、全天候、全时段遂行多样化军事使命任务作战能力,分析了基于智能无人作战系统从人机弱结合到人机融合的演进方向,提出"人在回路、物在感知、可随遇接入和动态重组,且能够自适应、协同、自组织"的智能化无人化作战体系构建思路。     

Western drones and African security

While unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become a standard element of modern armed forces, African countries have been reluctant to acquire remotely piloted aircraft for military purposes until recently. This is mainly due to a lack of industrial capabilities and, for military purposes so far, procurement policies that have concentrated on small arms and light weapons, more prestigious armoured vehicles and combat aircraft. Moreover, counter-insurgency strategies in Africa tend to focus on manoeuvre warfare, co-opting rebels or fighting them using armed proxies. As a consequence, international counterterrorism operations against fanatical and reckless groups like al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb and Boko Haram in sub-Saharan Africa are characterised by a strong dependence on Western forces providing UAV-based reconnaissance and, in some cases for the United States, military strikes by drones. This essay reviews some of the incentives and problems of the use of UAVs in the African context. Given the geographical and military conditions of asymmetric warfare in Africa, and potential problems concerning international law, ethical aspects of the use of arms, and civil–military relations notwithstanding, it is argued that African security forces should develop their own UAV capabilities by intensifying their cooperation with Western armed forces.     

无人舰艇技术及军事应用研究

随着无人飞机的大量研发和广泛应用,无人化智能武器越来越受到世界各国的重视。在海洋争端愈演愈烈的今天,世界军事强国又纷纷把目光投向海上无人作战舰艇,无人舰艇技术得到突飞猛进的发展。近期,美国高调宣布将在中国南海打造以"无人飞机"和"无人舰艇"为骨干的"无人军团",以期全面遏制我海军的行动,加强无人舰艇技术研究已迫在眉睫。从世界无人舰艇发展历程出发,详细阐述了无人舰艇的技术特点和应用前景,重点分析了我军无人舰艇发展应用对策。研究表明,无人舰艇作为未来海航作战中不可忽视的力量,必将走俏未来战场,深度改变战争格局。     

Optimal motion planning in rapid‐fire combat situations with attacker uncertainty

This article provides a modeling framework for quantifying cost and optimizing motion plans in combat situations with rapid weapon fire, multiple agents, and attacker uncertainty characterized by uncertain parameters. Recent developments in numerical optimal control enable the efficient computation of numerical solutions for optimization problems with multiple agents, nonlinear dynamics, and a broad class of objectives. This facilitates the application of more realistic, equipment‐based combat models, which track both more realistic models, which track both agent motion and dynamic equipment capabilities. We present such a framework, along with a described algorithm for finding numerical solutions, and a numerical example.     

【专题】登陆破障装备技术发展应用述评

登陆破障行动是联合登陆战斗中各军兵种破障力量在敌预先设置和临机设置的各种障碍物中开辟通路的行动,也是确保登陆兵突击上陆和向纵深发展进攻的前提和关键。进入21世纪,随着高新技术的不断发展,传统的破障装备和手段已经不能适应新的战场,各种新式障碍相继出现,对登陆部队的破障能力提出更高要求,破障装备体系化、破障手段精确化以及破障过程无人化成为未来破障技术的重要发展方向。本文首先简要介绍了当前世界主流的破障装备和手段,并论述了其局限性,如破障效率低、人员和弹药消耗量大以及容易形成二次障碍等,然后从破障装备体系化、破障手段精确化和破障过程无人能化三个方面对未来破障装备技术发展趋势进行了展望。     

无人作战的人机融合：挑战与出路

无人作战对于人和机器两个要素的融合提出了巨大的挑战。一方面,无人作战独特的作战模式和作战环境对于自然人的能力素质构成严峻挑战,高度智能化的作战系统运行速度、海量的数据信息日益挑战人类的反应能力和决策能力,虚拟的、远程的、与现实战场隔绝的作战环境日益挑战人类的心理素质。另一方面,机器的高度智能化虽然有利于更好地发挥潜在的作战能力,但也不可避免地带来战争失控和道德沦丧的风险。破解人机两个维度的挑战,实现人与机器的深度融合,一方面要利用增强技术从物理、生理、心理三个层面加速提高人类的能力素质,另一方面是强化机器人的伦理安全设计,坚守人类对机器人的控制底线,规避机器人失控和战争“非人化”的道德风险。     

无人机在电子战中的作用

现代战争是高技术的信息战、电子战。无人机是一种无人驾驶飞行器,由于其具有隐蔽性好、造价低廉、机动灵活、不惧伤亡等特点,在未来的电子战中,无人机可用于现代战争中的战场侦察、电子干扰、电子辐射等电子战的各个环节。随着无人机技术的不断发展,无人机在现代战争中必将起到越来越重要的作用。     

Clustered coverage orienteering problem of unmanned surface vehicles for water sampling

This study investigates a clustered coverage orienteering problem (CCOP), which is a generalization of the classical orienteering problem. The problem is widely motivated by the emerging unmanned techniques (eg, unmanned surface vehicles and drones) applied to environmental monitoring. Specifically, the unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) are used to monitor reservoir water quality by collecting samples. In the CCOP, the water sampling sites (ie, the nodes) are grouped into clusters, and a minimum number of nodes must be visited in each cluster. With each node representing a certain coverage area of the water, the objective of the CCOP is to monitor as much as possible the total coverage area in one tour of the USV, considering that overlapping areas provide no additional information. An integer programming model is first formulated through a linearization procedure that captures the overlapping feature. A two-stage exact algorithm is proposed to obtain an optimal solution to the problem. The efficiency and effectiveness of the two-stage exact algorithm are demonstrated through experiments on randomly generated instances. The algorithm can effectively solve instances with up to 60 sampling sites.     

MEMS惯性测量组合在无人机飞行参数测量中的应用

介绍了在无人机飞行试验中应用MEMS微惯性测量组合来解算飞行姿态、速度位置等参数的某个实例.试验结果表明,由此系统所得到的数据及曲线能够很好地描述实际飞行过程.试验数据为进一步地相关分析提供了有利的依据.