Combining standardized time series area and Cramér–von Mises variance estimators

We propose three related estimators for the variance parameter arising from a steady‐state simulation process. All are based on combinations of standardized‐time‐series area and Cramér–von Mises (CvM) estimators. The first is a straightforward linear combination of the area and CvM estimators; the second resembles a Durbin–Watson statistic; and the third is related to a jackknifed version of the first. The main derivations yield analytical expressions for the bias and variance of the new estimators. These results show that the new estimators often perform better than the pure area, pure CvM, and benchmark nonoverlapping and overlapping batch means estimators, especially in terms of variance and mean squared error. We also give exact and Monte Carlo examples illustrating our findings.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

声腔应用于液体火箭发动机不稳定燃烧抑制中的特性研究

本文针对抑制液体火箭发动机不稳定燃烧的声学装置——赫姆霍兹声腔和四分之一波长管声腔进行了研究。讨论了在声腔设计安排中正确选择声腔的数目，且比较了不同长度声腔的阻尼特性。通过考察声吸收系数的方法来最优化系统的阻尼，得到了可供设计参考的结论。     

Driving force coordinated control of an 8 ×8 in-wheel motor drive vehicle with tire-road friction coefficient identification

Because of the complexities of tire-road interaction,the wheels of a multi-wheel distributed electric drive vehicle can easily slip under certain working conditions.As wheel slip affects the dynamic per-formance and stability of the vehicle,it is crucial to control it and coordinate the driving force.With this aim,this paper presents a driving force coordination control strategy with road identification for eight-wheeled electric vehicles equipped with an in-wheel motor for each wheel.In the proposed control strategy,the road identification module estimates tire-road forces using an unscented Kalman filter al-gorithm and recognizes the road adhesion coefficient by employing the recursive least-square method.According to road identification,the optimal slip ratio under the current driving condition is obtained,and a controller based on sliding mode control with a conditional integrator uses this value for accel-eration slip regulation.The anti-slip controller obtains the adjusting torque,which is integrated with the driver-command-based feedforward control torque to implement driving force coordination control.The results of hardware-in-loop simulation show that this control strategy can accurately estimate tire-road forces as well as the friction coefficient,and thus,can effectively fulfill the purpose of driving force coordinated control under different driving conditions.     

Influence of Al2O3 particles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper surface composites fabricated by friction stir processing

The influence of three factors, such as volume percentage of reinforcement particles (i.e. Al₂O₃), tool tilt angle and concave angle of shoulder, on the mechanical properties of Cu–Al₂O₃ surface composites fabricated via friction stir processing was studied. Taguchi method was used to optimize these factors for maximizing the mechanical properties of surface composites. The fabricated surface composites were examined by optical microscope for dispersion of reinforcement particles. It was found that Al₂O₃ particles are uniformly dispersed in the stir zone. The tensile properties of the surface composites increased with the increase in the volume percentage of the Al₂O₃ reinforcement particles. This is due to the addition of the reinforcement particles which increases the temperature of recrystallization by pinning the grain boundaries of the copper matrix and blocking the movement of the dislocations. The observed mechanical properties are correlated with microstructure and fracture features.     

运载火箭摄动制导导引系数实时计算方法

对于新型运载火箭,没有相近型号导引系数数据供参考,采用传统试探法计算量大,在制导方案初期论证中不能满足多方案快速计算的需求。在引入理想弹道剩余飞行速度概念的基础上,提出导引系数实时计算方法。本方法对当前实时状态参数和后续飞行段弹道进行了综合考虑,通过数字仿真表明导引精度高于传统常系数导引方法。由于本方法对导引能力进行了预估,因而制导指令不会剧烈变化,易于姿态控制系统的设计实现。同时,由于采用完全解析法,对箭载计算机计算能力要求几乎没有增加,易于工程实现。     

高重合度人字齿轮轮齿最佳修形优化设计

基于斜齿轮轮齿接触分析技术,建立了考虑人字齿轮典型安装误差的抛物线人字齿轮轮齿接触分析方法。综合考虑人字齿轮的传动误差与啮合特性,采用带精英策略的快速非支配排序遗传算法对高重合度人字齿轮的传动性能进行了多目标优化设计,该算法克服了优化结果的局部收敛,获得了人字齿轮最佳的齿廓、齿向抛物线修形参数。通过实例表明,修形优化后的齿面啮合印痕与传动误差较优化之前得到了明显的改善,有效地改善了高重合度人字齿轮的齿面偏载现象,降低了齿轮传动过程中的啮合冲击。对加工的人字齿轮在减振降噪试验台上进行带载试验,对比优化前后的噪音分贝值,进一步验证了该优化方法对人字齿轮副减振降噪具有一定作用。     

部分频带干扰下伪码跟踪误差分析

为精确分析部分频带干扰下伪码跟踪误差,需要考虑伪码的非理想随机特性。引入伪码的精细功率谱模型,对比分析了不同带宽干扰下基于简化谱和精细谱的码跟踪误差。定义了相对误差系数,用以定量描述伪码非理想随机特性对码跟踪误差的影响。当干扰带宽增大时,相对误差系数逐渐减小,伪码非理想随机特性对码跟踪误差的影响逐渐减小,基于简化谱的分析趋近于基于精细谱的分析。结合GPS L1 C/A码,给出了相对误差小于0.2的最小干扰带宽,并将其作为基于简化谱分析的适用条件。研究表明当干扰带宽大于伪码周期的频率的300倍时,伪码非理想随机特性导致的码跟踪精度变化可忽略,反之,则需要基于精细的功率谱模型进行码跟踪精度分析。     

NICALON SiC/Al 预制丝热膨胀特性研究

本文研究了NICALON SiC束丝纤维增强铝预制丝在15～400℃温度区间内的热膨胀特性。研究表明预制丝两次热循环后得到的膨胀曲线不一致,该曲线在15～400℃范围的平均热膨胀系数分别为3.2×10~(-6)℃~(-1)、4.1×10~(-6)℃~(-1)。本文对预制丝的热膨胀行为进行了理论分析和探讨,计算值和实验值较为符合。     

高速水下射弹空泡形态及其CFD分析

射弹在水下空泡形态高速运动,实验研究存在很多限制。本文应用两种方法对高速水下射弹的空泡形态及阻力性质进行了研究,一是应用CFD仿真模拟软件,二是应用基于空泡截面独立扩张原理所建立的公式。研究表明：仿真计算结果与公式计算结果吻合很好;随着空化数的减小,空泡的相对长度、相对直径和长细比都在增大;在小空化数下,空泡前部形态基本不变,阻力系数主要为压差阻力系数,其值基本不变。研究结果为射弹的外形设计提供参考。     

损耗地面上线天线的一种近似计算方法

在普遍镜像法分析地面上垂直天线特性的基础上,提出了一种修正的镜像法,该方法能提高计算的速度.通过仿真计算以及对测量结果的比较,发现VLF天线输入阻抗随着地面电导率的改变而明显变化,而且大地的形状和地质在一定程度上影响VLF天线的发射效率.