Burning characteristics of high density foamed GAP/CL-20 propellants

The monolithic foamed propellants with high densities were prepared by casting and two-step foaming processes. Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) and isocyanate were used as the binder system and 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW, CL-20) was employed as the energetic component. The newly designed formulation containing 60 % CL-20 produced a force constant of 1077 J/g and low flame temperature of 2817 K. Two foamed propellants with densities of 1.32 g/cm³ and 1.53 g/cm³ were fabricated by a confined foaming process and examined by closed bomb tests. The results revealed that porosity significantly affects burning performance. A size effect on combustion behaviors was observed for the foamed propellant with 5.56 % porosity, and a double-hump progressive dynamic vivacity curve was obtained. At last, the 30 mm gun test was carried out to demonstrate the interior ballistic performance, and the muzzle velocity increased by 120 m/s at the same maximum chamber pressure when monolithic propellant was added in the charge.     

论“汉—民兼通”双语教师的培养

本文主要论述了培养"汉—民兼通"的双语教师的必要性和"汉—民兼通"双语教师应具有的素质。并提出了几点培养措施:重视对少数民族语言的学习;把对少数民族文化的学习作为汉族双语教师的必备条件;建立严格、合理的教师资格认证制度与考核制度;完善对双语教师的激励制度。     

真实性语言实践活动对大学生外语交际策略和听说能力的影响

外语交际能力是社会所需高水平复合应用型人才应具备的素养。本研究考察真实性语言应用实践活动对非英语专业大学生外语交际策略和听说能力的影响。通过对比研究发现,学生参加了真实性语言应用实践活动后,其交际策略使用情况得到改善,更倾向于使用积极交际策略,消极策略的使用频率明显减少;听说水平整体得到提高;寻找机会说英语的主动性增强。因此,真实性语言应用实践活动有助于大学生提高外语交际能力,提高社会所需整体应用能力素养。     

‘Full spectrum dominance’: Donald Rumsfeld,the Department of Defense,and US irregular warfare strategy, 2001–2008

This article examines the evolution of US irregular warfare (IW) doctrine and practice from 2001 onwards. It argues that, after 9/11, top-tier civilian policymakers in the US Department of Defense (DoD) and across the US government developed a heightened awareness of asymmetric threats and non-conventional forms of warfare, especially those shaped by contemporary globalisation. The result was a gradual turn towards irregular warfare, led by Rumsfeld and the DoD, designed to ensure ‘full spectrum dominance’ across all modes of conflict. This pre-dated the insurgency in Iraq and the promotion of counterinsurgency in the US Army by General David Petraeus and others. Policymakers' reluctance to acknowledge the insurgency in Iraq was not down to a failure to understand the concept of IW, but because they had viewed Iraq in conventional terms for so many years and were reluctant to admit their mistake.     

Introduction: Exploring the jungle of terminology

When twentieth-century authors wrote about ‘partisan warfare’, they usually meant an insurgency or asymmetric military operations conducted against a superior force by small bands of ideologically driven irregular fighters. By contrast, originally (i.e. before the French Revolution) ‘partisan’ in French, English, and German referred only to the leader of a detachment of special forces (party, partie, Parthey, détachement) which the major European powers used to conduct special operations alongside their regular forces. Such special operations were the classic definition of ‘small war’ (petite guerre) in the late seventeenth and in the eighteenth centuries. The Spanish word ‘la guerrilla’, meaning nothing other than ‘small war’, only acquired an association with rebellion with the Spanish War of Independence against Napoleon. Even after this, however, armies throughout the world have continued to employ special forces. In the late nineteenth century, their operations have still been referred to as prosecuting ‘la guerrilla’ or ‘small war’, which existed side by side with, and was often mixed with, ‘people's war’ or popular uprisings against hated regimes.     

局部状态检测的GPS/INS组合导航转发式干扰检验方法

针对GPS/INS(Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation System)组合导航中GPS转发式干扰问题,在分析故障变化特性与故障诊断函数特性之间关系的基础上,提出了一种基于局部状态χ2检验的方法。通过观测值的变化、观测模型的变化和χ2检验中x赞1k的变化论证了方法的可行性,并得出组合导航受到转发式干扰是判断系统发生故障的充分而非必要条件的结论。最后通过在仿真轨迹中加入诱偏来模拟转发式干扰,仿真实验证明该方法能够以较高的灵敏度和较高的准确性判断转发式干扰的发生。     

大型试件砂尘试验风洞有效吹风截面的论证

通过分析大型试件砂尘试验需求和现行军用标准,提出采用直吹式砂尘试验方式,实现整车状态的砂尘试验,并说明这种试验实施方法的科学性.依据射流理论并通过计算,得出距离吹风口不同位置处各个截面上的理论有效吹风截面,通过有效吹风截面与大型试件尺寸比较,说明这种形式的砂尘试验设备对常规武器系统具有很强的适应性.这项研究工作对砂尘试验设备的设计、调试和操作使用等具有技术指导作用.     

交流电子负载的谐波间谐波机理分析研究

分析了馈能型交流电子负载谐波间谐波产生的机理,基于馈能型电子负载工作原理,对电子负载输出信号进行研究,得出输出信号含有谐波间谐波等多种成分.采用MUSIC算法估计电力谐波信号频率,针对电力信号实值的特点,对MUSIC算法进行相应改进,获得较高的检测精度,同时对比了FFT算法的频率估计结果,得出MUSIC对电力谐波信号尤其是间谐波等负载谐波具有更高的精度,对电力系统监测及电能质量评估有较大应用价值.     

基于重构相空间AD-SVM的短期电力负荷预测

利用重庆市九龙坡区电网2009年7月1日000-10月8日4：00 99 d共2 380个历史电力负荷数据,分析其特点和规律.将构建混沌理论的平均位移（AD）法和支持向量机（SVM）相结合,提出了一种新的短期电力负荷预测模型.通过仿真计算,将结果与神经网络法预测结果进行对比,可得新方法能较好反应数据变化趋势,并且具备较好的拟合能力,能够提高负荷预测精度.在实际短期电力负荷预测中,可优先选用平均位移法与支持向量机相结合的新方法.     

重庆地区复合抛物面聚光型PV/T系统实验

为了能够更加高效地利用太阳能资源,在重庆地区设计并搭建了实验平台,对不同季节复合抛物面聚光型PV/T系统(CPC-PV/T)进行了实验研究。结果表明:尽管重庆地区太阳能资源匮乏,但加入复合抛物面聚光器后,PV/T系统的整体光电转换效率最高可达到17.07%,系统全天光热转换效率达到58.2%。因此,该地区在夏季进行太阳能光电热综合利用是完全可行的,春、秋季太阳较好的天气也可利用。