An air cavity method for increasing the underwater acoustic targets strength of corner reflector

In order to improve the underwater acoustic target strength of corner reflectors, according to the principle of acoustic impedance mismatch of the boundary layer, the method of using air cavity to increase the underwater acoustic target strength of corner reflectors is proposed. The acoustic reflection coefficients of underwater air layer and single layer metal sheet are calculated and compared. The results show that the reflection coefficient of single layer metal sheet is greatly affected by frequency and incidence angle, and the reflection coefficient of air layer in water is large and little affected by frequency and incidence angle. On this basis, a new kind of airfilled cavity corner reflector is designed. The acoustic scattering characteristics of underwater airfilled cavity corner reflector are calculated cumulatively, and the results are compared with the monolayer metal sheet corner reflector. The simulation results show that the acoustic reflection effect of the airfilled cavity corner reflector is better. In order to verify the correctness of the method, the test was carried out in the silencing tank. The experimental results show that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, and the airfilled cavity can improve on acoustic reflection performance of the underwater corner reflector.     

神经网络自适应给水控制器设计研究

针对船用核动力装置运行的特点,研究了直流蒸汽发生器的水位控制问题.利用现代控制理论,设计神经网络自适应给水控制器的结构和算法.仿真试验分析验证了神经网络自适应控制器的控制性能和可行性.     

SRB对船舱积水腐蚀影响的研究

通过对某船舱积水中的硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的实验室培养、挂片试验和电化学试验,研究了SRB对船舱积水腐蚀的影响.结果表明,SRB的存在促进碳钢的腐蚀,但积水中的油污减弱了SRB的促进作用;SRB使腐蚀产物膜的不均匀性增加,促进了局部腐蚀.     

脉冲防暴水炮非淹没气体射流的RANS和LES模拟

为提高脉冲防暴水炮刺激剂的雾化水平,必须提高射流的出口速度和改善雾化带形状,而这些因素与管内非淹没气体射流的湍流流场息息相关。为准确描述湍流分布和水柱加速过程,对脉冲防暴水炮的非淹没气体射流进行了RANS和LES模拟。结果表示LES模型较RANS的标准k-ε模型能更为精确地描述湍流分布和管内非淹没气体射流速度的各向异性。但两者对于水柱加速过程的描述基本一致,只是由于LES模型的气液参混较为充分,气液速度相差较小,而可能导致两模型气体在喷口膨胀规律的异同。LES模型气液界面复杂,是用于研究管内气液流型的理想方法。该方法为三维模拟打下了较好的基础,所得结果可以作为管外射流研究的初始条件。     

Brill流型的脉冲防暴水炮发射管内气液两相流流型

搭建了脉冲防暴水炮气液两相流动力研究的模化实验平台,对水炮发射管进行可视化研究的改装,通过高速摄影机来拍摄发射管内气液两相流气液界面运动的行为。简化了水炮的三维物理模型,应用OpenFOAM软件自带的大涡数值模拟模型(LES)对发射管内气液两相流进行流场仿真,得到了流型的演变过程。数值模拟结果显示脉冲防暴水炮发射管内气液两相动力过程的流型演变规律为:开始阶段为冲击流,但持续时间极为短暂;然后演变为环状流,持续时间较长;最后为气液掺混阶段的雾状流。数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合良好。     

消防气压给水设备应用探讨

通过对消防气压给水设备在消防给水系统中的作用分析,讨论了消防气压给水设备＂大罐＂和＂小罐＂的区别,指出了不同作用时气压罐消防水容积和稳压泵流量的要求,并提出了气压给水设备设计应着重把关的问题,同时阐明了该设备运行时的气压控制、水流控制及稳压泵供电等要求。     

基于公式法的某型水陆坦克海上火力打击效能

针对某型水陆坦克火力威力和火控系统特点,运用定性与定量分析相结合的方式,研究水陆坦克的火力打击效能。运用公式法,从分析某型水陆坦克海上射击误差入手,结合海上作战环境,研究其命中概率,并结合环境特点,分析条件毁伤概率,确定其对M60A3坦克和工事目标的火力打击的能力,得出了水陆坦克的开火距离、弹种选择等相关结果。研究结论对于分析火力打击效能提供了较为合理的方法,对于指导某型水陆坦克海上火力运用提供了借鉴作用。     

蓄电池注水装置水位控制原理研究与实现

研究设计了由电磁式液位传感器、隔离开关、单片机控制器及报警系统组成的潜艇蓄电池注水装置,确保了各蓄电池液面误差不大于5mm.给出了该装置结构及工作原理,分析了液位传感器和单片机控制电路.经使用证明,该装置对控制注水高度及缩短注水时间有良好效果.     

Clustered coverage orienteering problem of unmanned surface vehicles for water sampling

This study investigates a clustered coverage orienteering problem (CCOP), which is a generalization of the classical orienteering problem. The problem is widely motivated by the emerging unmanned techniques (eg, unmanned surface vehicles and drones) applied to environmental monitoring. Specifically, the unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) are used to monitor reservoir water quality by collecting samples. In the CCOP, the water sampling sites (ie, the nodes) are grouped into clusters, and a minimum number of nodes must be visited in each cluster. With each node representing a certain coverage area of the water, the objective of the CCOP is to monitor as much as possible the total coverage area in one tour of the USV, considering that overlapping areas provide no additional information. An integer programming model is first formulated through a linearization procedure that captures the overlapping feature. A two-stage exact algorithm is proposed to obtain an optimal solution to the problem. The efficiency and effectiveness of the two-stage exact algorithm are demonstrated through experiments on randomly generated instances. The algorithm can effectively solve instances with up to 60 sampling sites.     

石墨烯作为水基半合成切削液添加剂的硬质合金-钢材料摩擦学特性分析

改善加工过程润滑条件是延缓刀具磨损的重要途径。将石墨烯作为3034水基半合成切削液的添加剂,研究石墨烯悬浮切削液的硬质合金-钢材料摩擦学性能,研究对象是由硬质合金YG8制备的金属球和由45#钢制备的圆盘形试件;采用球-盘摩擦副接触方式在摩擦磨损试验机上进行试验,测定了质量分数为0. 1%~0. 9%的石墨烯悬浮切削液的平均摩擦特性和摩擦系数;采用激光共聚焦显微镜对磨痕轮廓进行提取,并得出磨损定量评价指数,并用扫描电镜和拉曼光谱仪对磨痕进行磨损机理分析;进行切削实验来分析石墨烯悬浮切削液对切削性能指标的改善情况。实验分析结果表明:石墨烯悬浮切削液能明显改善硬质合金-45#钢之间的润滑条件,摩擦系数和磨损率显著下降,采用不同质量分数石墨烯悬浮切削液的平均摩擦系数较原半合成切削液下降12. 9%~57. 3%,磨损率下降33. 82%,同时切削合力较原半合成切削液下降18. 58%,加工后工件表面粗糙度下降7. 5%。