试件水灰比和胶砂比对混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀速度影响

通过大量试验,采用强度指标研究了试件水灰比和胶砂比对硫酸盐侵蚀速度的影响.结果表明:试件的水灰比越大,胶砂比越小,侵蚀速度越快;为了加快硫酸盐侵蚀速度,宜采用大水灰比、小胶砂比的试件.在各种条件下,硫酸钠侵蚀破坏的速度比硫酸镁侵蚀快.对硫酸钠型侵蚀,采用抗折抗蚀系数作为判定指标较为合理,而对硫酸镁型侵蚀,应该综合考虑抗折抗蚀系数和抗压抗蚀系数.     

轴对称淹没水射流喷管内外紊流流场数值模拟

利用淹没水射流可对有机物进行降解.为研究淹没水射流降解的流场特性,根据轴对称淹没水射流撞击靶件的条件建立了物理模型,选用κ-ε紊流模型采用SIMPLEC算法进行数值计算.计算结果表明,流场存在射流区、漫流区、撞击区和漩涡区:射流区离靶件较远的部分同自由射流结构相似;靶件冲击面上压力分布近似的呈正态分布.对物理模型进行适当的改进并进行模拟,其结果同相应的实验数据相吻合,验证了本模型的可行性和计算结果的正确性.     

Simultaneous production of market‐specific and global products: A two‐stage stochastic program with additional demand after recourse

This paper analyzes the simultaneous production of market‐specific products tailored to the needs of individual regions and a global product that could be sold in many regions. We assume that the global product costs more to manufacture, but allows the decision concerning the allocation of products to regions to be delayed until after the manufacturing process has been completed. We further assume that there is additional demand after the region allocation but prior to delivery, extending the two‐stage stochastic program with recourse to include additional stochastic demand after the recourse. This scenario arises, for example, when there is additional uncertainty during a delivery delay which might occur with transoceanic shipments. We develop conditions for optimality assuming a single build‐allocate‐deliver cycle and stochastic demand during both the build and deliver periods. The optimal policy calls for the simultaneous production of market‐specific and global products, even when the global product is substantially more costly than the market‐specific product. In addition, we develop bounds on the performance of the optimal policy for the multicycle problem. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 438–461, 2003     

航空燃料水反应试验条件对试验结果的影响

航空燃料水反应试验是检测喷气燃料和航空汽油洁净性指标的一个重要方法,该方法的试验结果受试验条件影响.探讨了试验条件对试验结果的影响,通过考察摇动速率和摇动幅度,提出了优化摇动速率和摇动幅度的试验控制条件.在摇动时间为2min、摇动速率为150次/min、摇动幅度控制在185 mm、静置时间为5 min进行试验时,其试验结果均呈现很好的重复性和再现性,较好地消除了方法中试验条件控制对试验结果的影响.     

Quality risk in outsourcing: Noncontractible product quality and private quality cost information

This article addresses the concept of quality risk in outsourcing. Recent trends in outsourcing extend a contract manufacturer's (CM's) responsibility to several functional areas, such as research and development and design in addition to manufacturing. This trend enables an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) to focus on sales and pricing of its product. However, increasing CM responsibilities also suggest that the OEM's product quality is mainly determined by its CM. We identify two factors that cause quality risk in this outsourcing relationship. First, the CM and the OEM may not be able to contract on quality; second, the OEM may not know the cost of quality to the CM. We characterize the effects of these two quality risk factors on the firms' profits and on the resulting product quality. We determine how the OEM's pricing strategy affects quality risk. We show, for example, that the effect of noncontractible quality is higher than the effect of private quality cost information when the OEM sets the sales price after observing the product's quality. We also show that committing to a sales price mitigates the adverse effect of quality risk. To obtain these results, we develop and analyze a three‐stage decision model. This model is also used to understand the impact of recent information technologies on profits and product quality. For example, we provide a decision tree that an OEM can use in deciding whether to invest in an enterprise‐wide quality management system that enables accounting of quality‐related activities across the supply chain. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009     

A two‐echelon inventory‐location problem with service considerations

We study the problem of designing a two‐echelon spare parts inventory system consisting of a central plant and a number of service centers each serving a set of customers with stochastic demand. Processing and storage capacities at both levels of facilities are limited. The manufacturing process is modeled as a queuing system at the plant. The goal is to optimize the base‐stock levels at both echelons, the location of service centers, and the allocation of customers to centers simultaneously, subject to service constraints. A mixed integer nonlinear programming model (MINLP) is formulated to minimize the total expected cost of the system. The problem is NP‐hard and a Lagrangian heuristic is proposed. We present computational results and discuss the trade‐off between cost and service. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009     

Free riding in a multi‐channel supply chain

Free riding in a multichannel supply chain occurs when one retail channel engages in the customer service activities necessary to sell a product, while another channel benefits from those activities by making the final sale. Although free riding is, in general, considered to have a negative impact on supply chain performance, certain recent industry practices suggest an opposite view: a manufacturer may purposely induce free riding by setting up a high‐cost, customer service‐oriented direct store to allow consumers to experience the product, anticipating their purchase at a retail store. This article examines how the free riding phenomenon affects a manufacturer's supply chain structure decision when there are fixed plus incremental variable costs for operating the direct store. We consider factors such as the effort required to find and buy the product at a retail store after visiting the direct store, the existence of competing products in the market, and the extent of consumer need to obtain direct‐store service. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009     

To wait or not to wait: Optimal ordering under lead time uncertainty and forecast updating

There has been a dramatic increase over the past decade in the number of firms that source finished product from overseas. Although this has reduced procurement costs, it has increased supply risk; procurement lead times are longer and are often unreliable. In deciding when and how much to order, firms must consider the lead time risk and the demand risk, i.e., the accuracy of their demand forecast. To improve the accuracy of its demand forecast, a firm may update its forecast as the selling season approaches. In this article we consider both forecast updating and lead time uncertainty. We characterize the firm's optimal procurement policy, and we prove that, with multiplicative forecast revisions, the firm's optimal procurement time is independent of the demand forecast evolution but that the optimal procurement quantity is not. This leads to a number of important managerial insights into the firm's planning process. We show that the firm becomes less sensitive to lead time variability as the forecast updating process becomes more efficient. Interestingly, a forecast‐updating firm might procure earlier than a firm with no forecast updating. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009     

自动喷水灭火系统设计探讨

自动喷水灭火系统末端试水装置直接影响系统的启动、报警及联动等功能的测试和检验,增压设施则关系到系统供水的可靠性。结合应用实际,提出了系统设计中的问题,分析其原因并提出了应对措施。     

细水雾灭火系统在钢铁冶金企业的应用研究

根据大量的模拟钢铁冶金企业的实体火灾的试验数据和工程设计经验,提出细水雾灭火系统的消防解决方案,并对该系统在实际应用过程中所可能出现的问题进行了专项研究,提出应对措施。