The underlying causes of military outsourcing in the USA and UK: bridging the persistent gap between ends,ways and means since the beginning of the Cold War

This article reappraises the two most-studied country cases of military outsourcing: the USA and the UK. It argues that the contemporary wave of military contracting stretches back to the beginning of the cold war and not only to the demobilisation of armies in the 1990s or the neoliberal reforms introduced since the 1980s. It traces the political, technological and ideational developments that laid the groundwork for these reforms and practices since the early cold war and account for its endurance today. Importantly, it argues that a persistent gap between strategic objectives and resources, i.e. the challenge to reconcile ends and means, is an underlying driver of military contracting in both countries. Contemporary contracting is thus most closely tied to military support functions in support of wider foreign and defence political objectives. Security services in either state may not have been outsourced so swiftly, if at all, without decades of experience in outsourcing military logistics functions and the resultant vehicles, processes and familiarities with public-private partnerships. The article thus provides a wider and deeper understanding of the drivers of contractualisation, thereby improving our understanding of both its historical trajectory and the determinants of its present and potential futures.     

美军采办项目的采办策略分析

采办策略是美军针对具体采办项目强制规定的覆盖整个项目寿命周期的纲领性文件,对于保障在资源限制条件下达成项目采办目标具有重要的意义。本文首先分析了采办策略的概念,随后研究了采办策略的主要内容、与采办管理周期的匹配要求,最后提出了对我军装备采办改革的启示。     

Quarrelsome committees in US defense acquisition: the KC-X case

When the US Air Force set out to acquire a new aerial tanker (the KC-X), two highly suitable alternatives were offered. What could have been a short and simple source selection turned into a prolonged embarrassment. The original selection of 100 leased KC-767s was made in May 2003. But the KC-46 is expected to be operational in 2017 – more than a decade later. Our primary purpose here is to narrate and explain key events in the KC-X program. We search for useful paradigms, based in part on the US Government being better viewed as a quarrelsome committee than a monopsonist. In addition, we consider what this case might tell us about the US defense acquisition system.     

虚拟舰炮仿真训练系统的研究与设计

由于进行实弹射击的组织实施复杂,花费多,危险性大,易受天气,海况等条件影响,海军舰艇部队进行的实弹射击训练非常有限,远不能达到实战的需要.基于虚拟现实技术,对舰炮射击仿真训练模拟器的软件、硬件进行了总体设计,研究了炮弹弹道坐标的解算问题,使用Vega结合Creator进行视景系统的开发,研究建立了桌面式的虚拟现实系统.基本实现了舰炮射击仿真训练模拟器的桌面原型系统.     

星间激光通信系统粗精复合扫瞄技术

星间激光通信系统主要分为捕获、瞄准、跟踪技术,其中捕获技术是星间激光通信系统实现通信的前提和保障。通过对星间通信捕获阶段信标光的粗瞄捕获原理、关键技术和工程应用等内容进行详细的研究,提出一种粗瞄与精瞄相互结合的螺旋-正弦复合扫瞄的方法。对该方法扫瞄过程中的数值分析表明,相比单一粗瞄扫瞄方式,粗精复合扫瞄方法的扫瞄漏扫区域比单一粗扫瞄漏扫区域小、捕获概率更高、捕获时间短。该方法为星间激光通信扫瞄捕获过程提供了一种新的扫瞄方式,具有重要的意义。     

目标指示雷达的测量精度对火力分配的影响

分析了目标指示雷达的测量误差对火力分配的影响 ,为使火力分配有一定的准确性 ,对目标指示雷达的测量精度提出了要求     

基于USB总线的坦克射击模拟器实时数据采集卡设计

为实现坦克射击模拟器信号的实时采集,设计了基于USB总线的数据采集卡,并详细阐述了数据采集卡的硬件结构、程序流程和Windows环境下应用程序的开发。     

装甲装备型号需求获取与分析的通用模型

针对现行装备需求获取和分析过程中存在的工作重复、难于参考已有经验等问题,以装甲装备型号需求研究为对象,提出建立需求获取和分析的通用模型用于辅助完成需求获取和分析工作的观点。分析了该模型的功能、使用方式和特性,指出了开发通用模型应该遵循的模式。该模型的应用对于提高装备需求研究的效率和正确率、促进需求研究成果之间的相互借鉴具有较大帮助。     

坦克嵌入式训练系统信息采集与处理技术

以坦克嵌入式训练为对象,分析了训练中信息采集与处理任务的功能及特点,并结合某新型坦克的技术特点,提出了信息采集与处理任务的需求,建立了分布式附加结构的信息采集处理模型。模型采用模块化和总线互联结构,由功能独立的主控单元和采集单元构成,保证了实车信息采集与处理的实时性和可靠性。     

干扰条件下的扩频码捕获性能研究与改进

文中提出了扩频接收机捕获模型,并对可行性进行了仿真。在此模型基础上分析了不同干扰样式对接收机捕获性能的影响,给出捕获概率的仿真曲线,对文献[1]、文献[2]中用到的假设的成立条件进行了修正。最后文中采用频域接收机结构并给出了基于频域抑制算法的捕获概率仿真曲线。结果表明捕获性能较之无干扰抑制时大大提高。