The underlying causes of military outsourcing in the USA and UK: bridging the persistent gap between ends,ways and means since the beginning of the Cold War

This article reappraises the two most-studied country cases of military outsourcing: the USA and the UK. It argues that the contemporary wave of military contracting stretches back to the beginning of the cold war and not only to the demobilisation of armies in the 1990s or the neoliberal reforms introduced since the 1980s. It traces the political, technological and ideational developments that laid the groundwork for these reforms and practices since the early cold war and account for its endurance today. Importantly, it argues that a persistent gap between strategic objectives and resources, i.e. the challenge to reconcile ends and means, is an underlying driver of military contracting in both countries. Contemporary contracting is thus most closely tied to military support functions in support of wider foreign and defence political objectives. Security services in either state may not have been outsourced so swiftly, if at all, without decades of experience in outsourcing military logistics functions and the resultant vehicles, processes and familiarities with public-private partnerships. The article thus provides a wider and deeper understanding of the drivers of contractualisation, thereby improving our understanding of both its historical trajectory and the determinants of its present and potential futures.     

美军装备采办合同管理及其标准化

在我军武器装备建设逐渐"以计划为主要管理方式和手段"向"以合同为主要管理方式和手段"转变的背景下,装备采购合同管理的研究日趋深入。而装备采购合同"行政合同"的性质及合同标的物复杂性的特点,进一步凸显了标准化在保证装备采购合同规范性、降低不确定性、减少交易成本和提高工作效率中的重要作用。文章在对美军装备采办合同管理标准化特点与经验详细分析和提炼的基础上,对比我军装备采购合同管理体制及标准化现状,有针对性的提出了装备采购合同管理标准化建议,梳理了标准化重点,并为日后时机成熟时制定适用于装备采购合同管理的相关标准或指南,奠定了一定的研究基础。     

‘I have seen the future and it works’: The US defence industry transformation – lessons for the UK defence industrial base

The US has embarked upon a major transformation of its approach to defence industrial base planning. Although bureaucratic and industrial inertia, as well as budgetary constraints, may delay transformation, its effects will lead to radical changes in the US defence industrial base with new entrants and new combinations of players. The UK, with more modest defence ambitions, capabilities and budget, will seek to keep in touch with the US. However, a commercially‐led drive to embed UK industry even more deeply in the US defence market could be the last step in creating a largely US–UK North Atlantic relationship, with much of Europe very much a subsidiary business concern. This contains a risk that the UK will become increasingly dependent on the US for design and integration of major systems and national defence industrial capability focused on a limited number of niche technologies.     

基于重叠保留法及FFT的伪码快速捕获技术研究

PN码的快速捕获是设计直接序列扩频接收机的关键技术之一。对于无限长的输入序列,采用了基于分段相关的快速捕获算法。分段相关采用重叠保留法,用FFT实现每块的相关运算。在Matlab环境下验证了本算法可以在低信噪比及高动态环境下实现PN码的快速捕获。     

USB角度位置数据采集仪的设计与实现

为解决控制系统中角度位置信号实时测量、分析手段缺乏的问题,设计基于USB技术的便携式角度位置数据采集仪。该设计采用专用轴角转换模块、高性能单片机和USB接口芯片为硬件平台,通过采集分析软件的开发,实现了多通道组合轴角数据采集、显示和存储功能。单片机模拟DMA总线时序技术有效提高数据传输速率,较好地满足了实际测量的需要。     

谈语境与英语学习效果

学习第二语言的最终目的在于具备第二语言交流能力,学知和习得二者相比,后者更能帮助学习者达到这一目的。武警院校通过创造良好的英语语言习得环境、增强学员学习兴趣,可提高其语言应用能力。     

弹道 FFT频谱分析器研究

文中基于频域测速的基本原理,研究一种弹道FFT分析器系统。在给出该系统基本结构后,研究了在强地物杂波干扰环境中保证测频精度、分辨率和动态范围的基本方法。文中还着重介绍了用于这种频谱分析系统的可编程高速A/D数据采集系统和以TMS32010为主体的高速FFT协处理器系统。它们与IBM/PC和加权ZFFT分析软件共同构成了一个完整的频谱分析系统。     

红外搜索跟踪系统的目标截获判据

红外搜索跟踪（ＩＲＳＴ）系统在探测时对潜在目标的判别是系统工作的一个重要环节。通过建立目标的截获判据,提出了判决树多级识别方法和模糊综合评判方法,并为两种方法的融合使用提供了基础,为系统判别一般红外目标以及远距离小目标提供了依据和实现手段。     

基于搜索论的远程反舰导弹搜捕概率建模方法

针对传统捕捉概率模型难以满足远程反舰导弹机动搜捕概率建模计算的问题,提出利用搜索论进行导弹机动搜捕概率计算的建模方法。该方法根据目标机动规律建立其分布概率密度函数,并依据末制导雷达发现目标概率的"倒四次方律"及弹目相对运动轨迹,构建其探测函数,通过求取两者之积的积分实现搜捕概率计算。计算结果显示:若远程反舰导弹不采取机动搜捕策略,目标指示误差增加1km时搜捕概率降低0.47,目标速度增加10节时搜捕概率降低0.3,末制导雷达搜索半径减小50%时搜捕概率降低0.3;若采取平行搜捕策略,上述因素对其影响大幅下降。可见,该方法综合考虑了目标机动规律、传感器探测规律、导弹搜捕策略,可实现远程反舰导弹机动搜捕概率的解算。     

某高炮火控系统射击诸元采集装置设计

在高炮火控系统射击校正中,射击诸元需要以数字量形式送入校射系统作为输入信号使用,而高炮火控系统射击诸元大都是采用三相轴角信号形式的模拟信号。为了解决这一问题,设计了一种高炮火控系统射击诸元采集装置实现射击诸元模拟量向数字量形式的转换。首先分析了射击诸元的采集与测量原理,设计了SCOTT变压、采样保持、A/D转换、正峰值脉冲产生、数据处理与控制等硬件功能电路,阐述了采集装置的总体工作过程,在此基础上进行了软件程序设计。该射击诸元采集装置的研制为高炮火控系统射击诸元的采集以及校射工作提供了一种实用的方法。