Experimental investigation on dynamic response and damage models of circular RC columns subjected to underwater explosions

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns are widely used as supporting structures for high-piled wharfs. The study of damage model of a RC column due to underwater explosion is a critical issue to assess the wharf’s antiknock security. In this study, the dynamic response and damage model of circular RC columns subjected to underwater explosions were investigated by means of scaled-down experiment models. Experiments were carried out in a 10.0 m diameter tank with the water depth of 2.25 m, under different explosive quantities (0.025 kg–1.6 kg), stand-off distances (0.0 m–7.0 m), and detonation depths (0.25 m–2.0 m). The shock wave load and dynamic response of experiment models were measured by configuring sensors of pressure, acceleration, strain, and displacement. Then, the load distribution characteristics, time history of test data, and damage models related to present conditions were obtained and discussed. Three damage models, including bending failure, bending-shear failure and punching failure, were identified. In addition, the experience model of shock wave loads on the surface of a RC column was proposed for engineering application.     

Responses of HFR-LWC beams under close-range blast loadings accompanying membrane action

The load-carrying capacities and failure patterns of reinforced concrete components can be significantly changed by membrane effects. However, limited work has been carried out to investigate the blast resistance of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete (HFR-LWC) members accompanying membrane action. This paper presents a theoretical approach to quantitatively depicting the membrane behavior and its contribution on the behavior of HFR-LWC beams under close-range blast loadings, and the suitability of the proposed model is validated by a series of field tests. An improved Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) model was employed to describe the dynamic responses of beam-like members under blast loadings accompanying membrane action, where the mass-load coefficient is determined according to the nonuniformly distributed load induced by close-range explosion, and the membrane action is characterized by an in-plane (longitudinal) force and a resisting moment. The elasto-plastic and recovery responses of HFR-LWC beams under the combined action of blast load and membrane force were analyzed by the promoted model. A specially built end-constrain clamp was developed to provide membrane action for the beam member when they are subjected to blast load simultaneously. It is demonstrated that the analytical displacement-time histories are in good agreement with experimental results before peak deflections and that the improved SDOF model is an acceptable tool for predicting the behavior of HFR-LWC beams under blast loadings accompanying membrane action.     

Effect of microstructure on short pulse duration shock initiation of TATB and initial response mechanism

Micro-TATB particles with different sizes and 3D nanoporous TATB architectures with different specific surface areas were prepared through recrystallization to study short pulse duration shock initiation properties by electric gun technology. For micro-TATB, the initiation threshold significantly decreases with TATB average size ranging from 79.7 μm to 0.5 μm. For 3D nanoporous TATB architecture, the initiation threshold decreases and then increases with specific surface areas increased from 9.6 m²/g to 36.2 m²/g. The lowest initiation thresholds are obtained for the micro-TATB with average sizes of 1.3 μm and 0.5 μm, and 3D nanoporous TATB architecture with specific surface area of 22.4 m²/g. The shock initiation thresholds of micro-TATB and 3D nanoporous TATB architectures show significantly decreases with the porosity increased. The decomposition reaction and thermal conductivity properties were further investigated to understand the initial response mechanism. High porosity provides more collapse sites to generate high temperature for formation of hot spots. The low thermal conductivity and decomposition temperature could enhance the formation and ignition of the hot spots, and initial decomposition reaction of TATB. The effect of the decomposition temperature is higher than that of the thermal conductivity on the shock initiation properties. The enhanced decomposition reaction could promote energy release and transfer process from the ignition to the combustion. This work offers a new insight to understand the effects of microstructure on the shock initiation properties and the initial response mechanism of TATB.     

空间飞网地面碰撞试验与仿真

设计了空间飞网地面碰撞试验系统,并将碰撞试验结果与有限元仿真结果进行比较分析,对碰撞过程中的碰撞力和绳段内力进行分析。研究表明:试验结果与仿真结果吻合较好,这验证了仿真模型的有效性;飞网碰撞目标后产生的约束张力有利于收拢包裹目标;飞网的柔性特征可有效缓解碰撞效应,但碰撞区域绳段易产生断裂破坏。     

输电塔-线体系在断线作用下的动力响应

架空送电线路设计技术规程给出了断线情况下导地线静态平衡后的张力系数,该系数没有考虑塔-线体系的动态冲击效应。以晋东南-南阳-荆门1000kV输电线路沿山头汉江大跨越工程为参考,利用两基三线模型分析了断线工况下大跨越输电塔的动力响应。数值模拟分析表明,断线荷载对输电塔的冲击作用显著,应力放大系数γ达到1．42—1．94。该结论可以为输电线路相关规范的制定提供参考,也为类似塔-线结构体系的动力计算提供借鉴。     

地铁火灾应急预案的制定

介绍地铁火灾发生时的几个主要的特点以及其巨大的危害性,引出了地铁火灾应急预案制定模式的重要性。通过对已有的资料进行研究、分析,同时结合实际,对地铁火灾应急预案制定时所包含的主要内容进行了科学的完善,得出了一个完整的预案制定模式。     

一类具Holling-Ⅲ类功能性反应的食物有限捕食-被捕食模型的极限环

研究一类具Holling-Ⅲ类功能性反应的食物有限捕食-被捕食模型的动力学性态。应用微分方程定性理论,证明当正平衡点不稳定时该模型存在唯一稳定的极限环。     

运载器牵制释放结构动力响应数值模拟方法研究

将运载器牵制释放垂直发射的过程依次分为静态、牵制、释放三个阶段.利用MSC.Patran/Nastran的场功能和分组分析功能,将前一个阶段的计算结果场向后一个阶段的初始条件场传递,提出了一种分析运载器牵制释放全过程结构动力响应的分阶段计算新方法.解决了牵制释放过程中由于出现运载器-发射台分离面给结构动力响应计算带来的困难.采用该方法计算了几个运载器牵制释放的算例,分析了牵制阶段牵制力的变化、释放阶段运载器结构动力响应的特点、不同释放时间对结构动力响应的影响.算例表明:该方法实施简便、精度较高,还可拓展用于不同时刻释放、释放不同步、施加缓释力等条件下运载器结构动力响应的分析,为牵制释放系统的研制提供参考.     

频域加权LQR控制器改进设计

基于线性二次型调节器(Linear Quadratic Regulator,LQR)控制方法,设计一种频域加权LQR控制器;通过对其常用滤波器进行改进,提出一种新型滤波器设计思路.当振源频率低于执行器下限响应频率,导致执行器输出减小时,通过改变滤波器参数、增大低频部分权重及控制力,可提高低于执行器响应下限频段的控制性能...     

India’s nuclear counter-revolution: nuclear learning and the future of deterrence

ABSTRACT

The India–Pakistan near war of February–March 2019 highlights India’s ongoing evolution in strategic thought and practice since its emergence in 1998 as an overt nuclear-weapon possessor. These changes, involving an increasing willingness to engage in the intentional escalation of conflict with a nuclear-armed rival willing to be the first to use nuclear weapons, challenge certain academic assumptions about the behavior of nuclear-weapon states. In particular, they undermine the expectations of the nuclear-revolution theory—which anticipates nuclear and conventional restraint among nuclear-armed rivals through fear of mutual assured destruction—and the model of nuclear learning which underpins this theory, in which new nuclear-weapon states gradually absorb this restraint through policy-maker learning. This article explores how India’s learning pathway since 1998 has deviated from these expectations. India is instead pursuing its own “revolution,” in the direction of creating capabilities for flexible response and escalation dominance. It concludes by illuminating the similarities between Indian strategic behavior and contemporary practices of other nuclear-armed states, and suggests that New Delhi’s emerging de facto nuclear doctrine and posture is part of a broader empirical challenge to our current conceptions of the nuclear revolution and of nuclear learning.