TERRORISM: FACTS FROM FIGURES 1

If international terrorism is on a rising trend, an important source of confirmation or refutation of this is time‐series data on terrorist activity. Using chiefly data collected by the RAND/MIPT consortium we show using basic statistical analysis that in the period 1968–2005 the yearly number of all international terrorist incidents shows no trend over time, but fluctuates year on year in a random manner. On the other hand some indicators do show a definite trend over time, principally the steady rise in the number of incidents that are death‐dealing in nature. A further conclusion is drawn, showing that the proportion of these incidents leading to deaths above a given level is virtually fixed.     

Lost through non-translation: bringing Clausewitz's writings on ‘new wars’ back in

While Carl von Clausewitz has generally been respected as one of the most profound philosophers of war, his expertise has been regarded as somewhat limited if not even irrelevant to the so-called ‘new wars’ of the post-Cold War world. Many scholars in international relations have claimed that ‘new wars’ are essentially ‘post-Clausewitzian’ and ‘post-trinitarian’ in nature, meaning that they are no longer fathomable through a Clausewitzian framework. However Clausewitz's earlier writings were nearly exclusively dedicated to guerrilla warfare, or what he called ‘small wars’. These writings have been largely overlooked by many analysts of contemporary conflicts. By drawing on his rare and untranslated writings, the article uncovers a critical part of Clausewitz's expertise in asymmetric warfare and shows that, far from being irrelevant in an age where interstate warfare is increasingly being replaced by conflicts between states and semi-/non-state actors, Clausewitz's philosophical writings actually shed new light into the particular interactive dynamics generated during wars waged under conditions of asymmetry.     

带点缺陷的一维亥姆霍兹共振腔声子晶体中缺陷模式

在基于亥姆霍兹共振腔的一维声子晶体中引入点缺陷会在原有局域共振型声禁带内产生缺陷模式。采用传递矩阵法和有限元法分析了缺陷模式随缺陷单元几何尺寸变化关系和声子晶体中声场分布情况。结果表明,随着缺陷单元与完美单元之间耦合程度的增强,缺陷模式从局域共振型禁带中完美单元共振频率处向禁带边缘移动。同时,缺陷模式的存在使得结构中出现了能量局域化的现象。本工作对设计新型声滤波器、能量集中装置具有一定的理论意义。     

An Imperfect Jewel: Military Theory and the Military Profession

This article explores a perennial theme in the literature of strategic studies: the relationship between military theory and the military profession. It begins with a conceptual analysis of this relationship. It then investigates what military theorists themselves have had to say about the utility of their craft. It concludes by assessing the actual influence of military theory on selected individuals and institutions. The individuals are George S. Patton, Jr., and Ulysses S. Grant. The institutions are the United States Army and the United States Air Force in the late twentieth century. The fundamental finding is suggested in the title: military theory can indeed be quite useful in the maturation of military commanders and in the development of martial institutions, but it is not always necessary and by no means perfect. It should thus be studied assiduously but used with caution.     

面向服务的海战场指挥信息系统体系结构框架

一体化联合作战和基于信息系统的体系作战对海战场指挥信息系统提出了更高的要求.从面向服务的海战场指挥信息系统构建需求出发,在军事信息服务定义的基础上,利用SOA和P2P设计了海战场指挥信息系统体系结构的物理框架和功能框架,给出了各框架的组成和结构,并与已有框架作了对比分析,结果表明所提的框架更加全面、可靠和灵活,为开展面向服务的指挥信息系统研究打下了坚实的基础.     

基于费效分析的地空导弹火力配系优化

为科学评价地空导弹火力配系方案,针对不同的地空导弹火力组成体系,采用费效分析方法,结合地空导弹操作使用,首先给出了地空导弹火力配系费效分析步骤,然后分别对火力配系的费用和效能进行了讨论,并建立了火力配系费效准则和综合费效比模型,最后通过区域反导实例验证了该方法的可行性.     

地空导弹对地面的附带损伤问题研究

研究了地空导弹爆炸时战斗部破片对地面人员附带损伤的问题,选取了破片对人体的杀伤准则,通过分析破片的空中运动特性,对导弹战斗部爆炸时的破片飞散规律进行了探讨,建立了破片散布的数学模型,并在典型的给定计算条件下进行了仿真分析.仿真结果表明,地空导弹在不同高度爆炸时,可计算出对地面人员的有效杀伤破片数量、破片杀伤面积和平均密度以及导弹的安全高度.     

精密加工过程切削用量和表面粗糙度关系的模糊化处理方法

在金属切削原理中,用切削用量可以估计理论表面粗糙度。由于切削过程的复杂性,实际加工表面粗糙度和理论表面粗糙度有较大差距。本文采用模糊模式识别方法,对切削用量和表面粗糙度的关系进行了实验研究。本人介绍的理论方法、实现技术路线和实验结果,为以后开展ＦＭＳ或ＣＩＭＳ中智能化质量监控技术的进一步研究打下了基础。     

运动模糊图像的运动模糊方向鉴别

曝光瞬间造成图像模糊的运动通常作为直线运动近似处理,若能找出模糊图像的运动模糊方向,并将之旋转到水平轴,则二维问题可简化为一维来处理,大大简化由模糊图像估计出运动模糊点扩散函数以及图像恢复的过程,并为图像恢复的并行计算创造有利条件。由于运动模糊降低了运动方向上图像的高频成分,沿着运动方向实施高通滤波(方向微分),可保证微分图像灰度值(绝对值)之和最小。基于此,本文利用双线性插值的方法,固定并适当选取方向微分的微元大小,构造出3×3方向微分乘子,得到了高效高精度的自动鉴别运动模糊方向的新方法,并通过数值实验进行了验证。     

聚碳硅烷表面张力的测定及其对纤维异形度的影响机理

采用改进的滴重法测定了先驱体聚碳硅烷(PCS)的表面张力,并探讨了表面张力对三叶形聚碳硅烷原丝异形度的影响机理。通过对纤维截面形貌的扫描电镜分析,发现表面张力对三叶形PCS纤维异形截面的形成有着较大的影响,它和粘滞阻力相互竞争的共同作用决定了三叶形PCS纤维异形度的大小。研究表明,先驱体PCS的表面张力与温度基本上呈线性关系,温度越高,PCS的表面张力就越小。