The impact of animal welfare regulations on firms' product offerings: Humane or organic product?

Increased public concerns about animal welfare have spurred new regulations to improve animals' treatment and living conditions. We study how these regulations affect firms' product offerings, prices, and profits. We consider two competing animal agriculture supply chains, each consisting of a supplier and a buyer. New regulations require firms to choose between offering humane or organic products, which are differentiated by animals' living conditions. We find that consumers' growing awareness of animal welfare encourages firms to offer organic products, which require the highest standards for animals' living conditions. We also show that tightening humane product standards and loosening organic product standards encourage firms to offer organic products—but with distinct pricing implications. The former leads to higher retail prices whereas the latter may lower retail prices. Depending on costs and consumers' awareness of animal welfare, a humane product may be priced higher or lower than an organic product. Furthermore, we provide conditions under which a regulator should offer a unit-cost or an investment cost subsidy to improve social welfare. We show that subsidies can encourage firms to change from offering humane to organic products, or vice versa, to enhance total social welfare.     

一种基于柔性形态学的红外图像分割方法

红外成像制导导弹的图像分割是图像处理中的重点和难点之一.提出了一种基于柔性形态学的红外图像分割算法,首先对目标红外图像进行柔性形态运算,然后在此基础之上采用模糊c均值聚类方法将图像转化为二值图像,从而得到比较精确的分割图像.最后,通过计算机模拟实验表明:该方法性能优于传统检测算子,并且具有抑制噪声的功能.此研究对于实现红外图像的稳定跟踪具有一定的应用价值.     

论战争年代我军战法创新

战争年代,我军创造了无数脍炙人口而又富有特色的战法,是我军克敌制胜的法宝。然而对于这些丰厚的理论遗产,仅仅了解它“是什么”是远远不够的,必须从产生这些战法的“为什么”中得到启迪,以指导今天的实践,这也是继承和创新我军战法的真正要义所在。基于此,本文从这一新的视角对我军战争年代战法创新进行了考察。     

基于粗糙神经网络和网络撕裂的故障诊断方法

利用网络撕裂法逐层将复杂装备撕裂为较为简单的单元,并充分利用粗糙集和神经网络融合方法的优点进行故障诊断。提出了基于粗糙神经网络的网络撕裂故障诊断方法,总结出基于粗糙神经网络和网络撕裂的故障算法流程图。以L-F滤波器为例进行实验,结果证明:该算法明显优于普通的基于粗糙神经网络的故障诊断方法,网络结构得到简化,训练速度得到加快。     

不同介质中声辐射相似性

研究不同介质中声学相似条件,可为空气噪声实验数据推算相应条件水下辐射噪声,替代复杂水下实验提供依据。因此,首先运用了因次分析法对任意不同介质中的声辐射相似性进行了分析;然后,采用结构有限元耦合流体边界元理论,利用NASTRAN计算模型表面流固耦合振动;最后,通过FORTRAN边界元程序计算辐射声场;以加肋圆柱壳为对象在水和空气两种典型介质中进行了数值模拟验证。理论推导与数值计算的结果一致性表明:不同介质中两个几何相似、表面振动相似的系统间结构表面振幅与该系统几何尺度成正比、表面振动波波长与该系统传声介质中声波波长成正比时,两个模型的无量纲声压相等。     

An interface shear damage model of chromium coating/steel substrate under thermal erosion load

The Cr-plated coating inside a gun barrel can effectively improve the barrel's erosion resistance and thus increase the service life.However,due to the cyclic thermal load caused by high-temperature gun-powder,micro-element damage tends to occur within the Cr coating/steel substrate interface,leading to a gradual deterioration in macro-mechanical properties for the material in the related region.In order to mimic this cyclic thermal load and,thereby,study the thermal erosion behavior of the Cr coating on the barrel's inner wall,a laser emitter is utilized in the current study.With the help of in-situ tensile test and finite element simulation results,a shear stress distribution law of the Cr coating/steel substrate and a change law of the interface ultimate shear strength are identified.Studies have shown that the Cr coating/steel substrate interface's ultimate shear strength has a significant weakening effect due to increasing temperature.In this study,the interfacial ultimate shear strength decreases from 2.57 GPa(no erosion)to 1.02 GPa(laser power is 160 W).The data from this experiment is employed to establish a Cr coating/steel substrate interface shear damage model.And this model is used to predict the flaking process of Cr coating by finite element method.The simulation results show that the increase of coating crack spacing and coating thickness will increase the service life of gun barrel.     

积极推进战时政治工作指挥自动化系统建设

战时政治工作指挥自动化是军队政治工作信息化的核心。我军战时政治工作指挥自动化建设在整体上有待进一步突破。要针对目前存在的问题和长远发展,在工作指导上,进行统一规划,落实统一布署,充分论证系统需求,准确定位系统目标,切实抓好技术指标体系建设。     

加强军队政治工作信息资源共享建设

军队政治工作信息资源建设的核心价值目标是信息资源有效共享.充分实现信息资源共享,应以完善科学筹划为统领,以优化网络模式为重点,以完善法规标准为支撑,以深化动力机制为保障,在新的起点上推进军队政治工作信息资源建设科学协展.     

糕点状纳米金/聚3-甲苯噻吩复合物的制备及电催化性能

为了提高非酶传感器对葡萄糖的催化性能,制备了糕点状纳米金/聚3甲基噻吩复合物并用于电极的表面修饰。反应物浓度一定,纳米金经聚3甲苯噻吩诱导,自组装成为糕点状纳米金/聚3甲苯噻吩复合物。将纳米复合物滴涂在玻碳电极表面,制得纳米金/聚3甲苯噻吩复合物修饰电极。用循环伏安法研究修饰电极对葡萄糖的电催化作用。结果表明:在0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液中,葡萄糖在修饰电极上出现明显的氧化信号,修饰电极表现出良好的电催化性能。采用方波伏安法测定葡萄糖,峰电流与葡萄糖溶液的浓度在[0.50,4.32]mmol/L呈线性关系。     

扫描环诊断技术研究与分析

本文介绍扫描环诊断的原理和方法,并讨论硬件和软件设计,进行了效能分析,指出提高速度的方法。