Approximation for the departure process of a queue in a network

A simple renewal process is identified to approximate the complex departure process of a queue often found in queueing network models. The arrival process to the queue is the superposition or merging of several independent component-renewal processes that are approximations of departure processes from other queues and external arrival processes; there is a single server with exponential service times, and the waiting space is infinite. The departure process of this queue is of interest because it is the arrival process to other queues in the network. The approximation proposed is a hybrid; the mean and variance of the approximating departure intervals is a weighted average of those determined by basic methods in Whitt [41] with the weighting function empirically determined using simulation. Tandem queueing systems with superposition arrival processes and exponential service times are used to evaluate the approximation. The departure process of the first queue in the tandem is approximated by a renewal process, the tandem system is replaced by two independent queues, and the second queue is solved analytically. When compared to simulation estimates, the average absolute error in hybrid approximations of the expected number in the second queue is 6%, a significant improvement over 22–41% in the basic methods.     

应用多窗口技术实现舰载火控系统人机接口

人机接口设计的好坏关系到系统的成败,对于各种作战系统更是如此。在给定的原则下,讨论应用Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ多窗口技术实现舰载火控系统人机接口的方法,内容包括屏幕组织,人机交互控制及数据输入控制等。基于这些方法所建立的模拟系统的成功表明了其可行性和有效性     

并行科学计算应用的动态I/O模式分析

设计高性能并行文件系统的关键前提是对 Ｉ／ Ｏ 访问模式的分析和研究。并行文件系统的界面、组织结构、ｃａｃｈｅ 预取算法等都与具体应用的 Ｉ／ Ｏ 模式紧密相关。目前，大多数对 Ｉ／ Ｏ 模式的分析局限于其静态模式，而动态 Ｉ／ Ｏ 模式对并行文件系统的设计至关重要。本文通过分析并行科学计算应用的动态 Ｉ／ Ｏ 访问模式，总结出科学计算应用在访问数据量、时间间隔、访问顺序性等空间、时间上的一般访问特性，并在此基础上提出设计面向并行科学计算应用的并行文件系统应考虑的因素。     

带内双频电磁辐射对频率步进连续波雷达的虚警干扰规律

为掌握带内双频电磁辐射对雷达的虚警干扰规律,以频率步进连续波雷达为研究对象,基于理论分析与效应试验,研究了虚警目标的电平变化规律、波形特征以及出现位置规律。结果表明:受试雷达在带内双频电磁辐射作用下,不考虑互调干扰时,至多产生两个位置随机的“山丘型”虚警目标,两者距离差与双频干扰频差有关。双频干扰中两分量互相压制,即当任一干扰分量强度恒定时,随着另一个分量的增强,前者形成的虚警目标电平缓慢下降,最终降速基本恒定,而后者形成虚警目标电平逐渐升高,直至电平恒定;若双频干扰信号两分量同比例增强,则两个虚警目标电平均在初期近似线性上升,而后增速逐渐降低至零。     

Integrating decisions with advance supply information in an assemble-to-order system

We study a periodic-review assemble-to-order (ATO) system with multiple components and multiple products, in which the inventory replenishment for each component follows an independent base-stock policy and stochastic product demands are satisfied according to a First-Come-First-Served rule. We assume that the replenishment for various component suffers from lead time uncertainty. However, the decision maker has the so-called advance supply information (ASI) associated with the lead times and thus can take advantage of the information for system optimization. We propose a multistage stochastic integer program that incorporates ASI to address the joint optimization of inventory replenishment and component allocation. The optimal base-stock policy for the inventory replenishment is determined using the sample average approximation algorithm. Also, we provide a modified order-based component allocation (MOBCA) heuristic for the component allocation. We additionally consider a special case of the variable lead times where the resulting two-stage stochastic programming model can be characterized as a single-scenario case of the proposed multistage model. We carry out extensive computational studies to quantify the benefits of integrating ASI into joint optimization and to explore the possibility of employing the two-stage model as a relatively efficient approximation scheme for the multistage model.     

BDS在低轨卫星编队高精度相对轨道确定上的应用分析

分析基于北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou satellite navigation System, BDS)的低轨卫星编队相对轨道确定问题,但由于缺乏实测数据,通过仿真实验展开研究。结果表明,500 km空域平均可视BDS卫星数约为9.7,由于地球静止轨道(GeoStationary earth Orbit,GEO)卫星和倾斜地球同步轨道(Inclined GeoSynchronous earth Orbit,IGSO)卫星的存在,亚太地区的可视BDS卫星数明显偏多。仅考虑观测噪声的影响时,基于BDS的相对定轨精度可达0.74 mm,加入星历误差的影响,对近距离编队系统的相对定轨而言,GEO卫星数米的星历误差可以忽略,但当星间距离增大到约200 km时,GEO卫星单差后的星历误差可达厘米量级,GEO+IGSO+中圆地球轨道(Medium Earth Orbit,MEO)卫星和IGSO+MEO卫星求解的相对轨道精度分别为1.09 mm和0.96 mm,GEO卫星的加入使得精度下降了13.54%。在其余误差得到有效处理后,BDS的相对定轨精度可达亚毫米量级,且无明显区域差异,GEO卫星和IGSO卫星能提高近距离编队系统的全球相对定轨精度,未来BDS将广泛应用于低轨卫星编队相对轨道确定。     

美国陆军官方网站多模态话语分析与军队形象建构

本文以Kress、Van Leeuwen和 Painter等学者的视觉语法理论为基础,从再现意义、互动意义和构图意义三个方面对美国陆军官方网站“相册”栏目进行多模态话语分析,挖掘网页的符号资源,探寻多模态语篇生成意义、传递信息和构建形象的具体机制。在此基础上,借助Halliday、Hasan、Bateman和Bhatia等学者的多模态语类分析理论,探究模态间的互动关系,分析网页的整体设计、语类特点和宣传手段等。研究发现,该网站通过象征意义、情感互动和显著性差异等手段,影响读者对美军的认知,引导读者对美军产生积极联想,从而回避现实问题,为美军塑造正面形象。在深入发掘网页的交际目的、结构潜势和互动机制的基础上,搭建多模态语类分析框架,揭示军事网站设计和社会文化背景的复杂关系,助力军队形象建设。     

一种快速有效的步进频率测速方法

步进频率信号由于存在距离-多普勒耦合现象,目标的径向运动将导致合成的目标径向一维距离像产生距离徙动和波形失真.提出步进频率共轭法测速,可以利用一个步进频率脉冲串实现超大范围的速度无模糊测量,避免了常规方法的速度模糊或模板数过多计算复杂的问题.这种方法可以利用快速傅里叶变换实现,计算量小,降低系统实现的复杂度,是一种实用有效的步进频率雷达测速方法.     

垂直线列阵无源定位精度分析

提出了一种基于垂直线阵的系统,给出了定位模型,并简要介绍了其定位原理.利用由时延引入的距离、高低角和观测得到的方位角信息,建立了三维坐标系下的状态方程和观测方程.通过理论分析和仿真计算,讨论了声速测量误差、时延估计误差和阵元位置误差对系统定位精度的影响,给出了时延估计误差的克拉美-罗下界.综合时延估计、基线横纵扰动、三类误差的影响,在一定条件下,对目标距离估计的相对误差可控制在20%以内.