改进BAS-TIMS算法在空战机动决策中的应用

针对当前空战机动决策精确度低、实时性差的缺点,对天牛须搜索-战术免疫机动系统(Beetle Antennae Search-Tactical Immune Maneuver System, BAS-TIMS)算法进行改进,并应用于空战机动决策中。增加左爬升、右爬升、左俯冲、右俯冲4种机动,对传统的机动策略库进行扩充,设计了11种基本机动策略并给出了相应的控制方法。基于距离、高度、速度、角度和战机性能优势函数,利用非参量法构造战机机动决策综合优势函数。针对天牛须搜索算法在全局搜索和收敛速度上存在的缺陷,引入蒙特卡洛概率迭代的方法对算法进行改进,并和战术免疫机动系统进行融合,将改进的BAS-TIMS算法用于空战机动决策。设计算例进行仿真分析,并将结果和博弈论法、改进共生生物免疫进化算法、传统BAS算法和传统TIMS模型的计算结果进行对比,验证所提算法的有效性。仿真结果表明:改进BAS-TIMS算法在空战机动决策的收敛精度、收敛速度和全局搜索能力上更加具有优势。     

On the production of victory: Empirical determinants of battlefield success in modern war

Using a data set of historical battles from 1600 to 1973, this paper analyzes the empirical determinants of tactical success in modern war. Based on a reduced form approach we consider key elements of military theory as production factors for combat success as an output of a military production function. The paper focuses on the relationship of material and non-material factors to battlefield success, and especially on the role of superior force strengths. Contrary to the emphasis on technology which can be found in the recent literature, our estimation results indicate that numerical superiority has retained its crucial role for battlefield performance throughout history. In general, human elements of warfare, like leadership, morale and surprise, have continued to be important determinants of battle outcome despite technological progress in weapons.     

The Armoury Gauging System and Interchangeable Manufacture

Abstract

Scientifically analysing important artefacts from the site of historic battles is vital if the best information is to be retrieved from the field. A detailed knowledge of the specific equipment that was available to the combatants from a known battle is also required at a high level so that artefacts and fragments resulting from an historic battlefield archaeological survey can be recognised when found. Access to specialists from all walks of life is required throughout each battlefield-related project, from the fieldwork stages to the dissemination of information. The following paper discusses the importance of working alongside museums and specialists and gives examples of how the Towton Battlefield Archaeology Project has successfully worked with the staff at the Royal Armouries Leeds.     

The Towton Battle — A Reinterpretation

The paper re-interprets the implement known as the ‘Towton Battle Axe’ allegedly found in the river which borders the Towton Battlefield (1461), Yorkshire, England, and which now resides in Alnwick Castle, Northumberland. The paper provides parallels, in the form of comparisons with other weapons, in order that the Towton implement can be shown to be a modified former halberd dating from the early sixteenth century. It is, therefore, highly unlikely that the implement was used in the famous battle.     

A method to determine the shell layout scheme for equipment battlefield damage tests under artillery fire

In this paper,a new method for determining the shell layout scheme is proposed,which can make the equipment damage data by the battlefield damage test resemble as close as possible the actual combat data.This method is based on the analysis of the impact point distribution and effective damage area of equipment.In order to obtain the position of the impact points,an impact point distribution model under artillery fire was established.Similarly,in order to obtain the effective damage area of equipment,the concepts of generalized damage area and task-based equipment functional damage probability were demonstrated,and the corresponding calculation model was established.Through case analysis,the shell layout scheme was effectively obtained,verifying the correctness of the proposed method.     

美军战场态势一致性对海战场态势图体系构建的启示

信息化战争中,战场态势图已经成为各类指控系统的核心。本文对美军互操作作战图族FIOP发展现状进行分析研究,总结出美军FIOP的特点和美军实现战场态势一致性的关键技术,在对美军态势图的研究基础上,提出了对海战场态势图体系构建的启示和需要解决的关键技术。     

战场地面传感侦察系统初探

本文在利用现代传感器技术与计算机技术进行实验探索的基础上,对战场地面传感侦察系统的构成和原理进行了论述,说明了进行战场地面传感侦察系统技术研究的迫切性和可行性.     

防御阵地火力编成一种静态评估方法和优化模型

提出了防御阵地火力编成的建模思想、要素体系,并得到了相应的权重值,分析了地形对火力发扬的影响,建立了各种火器的等效关系式,找到了各参量的计算方法,对多种参量用模糊评判的方法进行分级、综合和评判。不仅能评价各级火力阵地的优劣,而且能对火力阵地进行优化,组合和配系。     

Morale and Battlefield Performance at Caporetto, 1917

Abstract

How does morale relate to tactical and operational failure? Is it a cause or an effect? Using the Italian Army at Caporetto as a case study, this article explores the cyclical relationship between battlefield performance and morale. Combining quantitative analysis of army statistics with qualitative analysis of various official and private sources, this article analyses morale before the battle and during its opening phase. Italian morale appears surprisingly resilient and decisions to surrender or desert frequently relied on objective assessment of events rather than demoralisation. In this case it was battlefield defeat which turned disaffection into a full- scale morale crisis.     

防空作战战场态势的定量化分析模型

在防空作战中,战场态势的分析非常重要,它是辅助决策的基础。针对战场态势的问题,以集对分析的同异反联系度为基础,构造了战场态势的分析模型,进行了深入探讨。最后,通过实例计算表明了分析模型对于评估战场态势的可行性和有效性。