Casualty Rates of US Military Personnel During the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan

Abstract

In Operation Iraqi Freedom, which ended in August 2010, nearly 3500 hostile deaths occurred among US military personnel and 32,000 more were wounded in action (WIA). More than 1800 hostile deaths occurred during Operation Enduring Freedom (in and around Afghanistan) through 2014 and about 20,000 were WIA. A larger proportion of wounded personnel survived in Iraq and Afghanistan than during the Vietnam War, but the increased survival rates were not as high as some studies have asserted. The survival rates were 90.2% in Iraq and 91.6% in Afghanistan, compared with 86.5% in Vietnam. The casualty rates varied between the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan and before, during, and after the respective surges. Amputation rates are difficult to measure consistently, but I estimate that 2.6% of all WIA and 9.0% of medically evacuated WIA from the Iraq and Afghanistan theaters combined resulted in the major loss of a limb. Elevated non-hostile death rates (including deaths due to accidents, illnesses, homicides, or suicides) resulted in about 220 more deaths in Iraq and about 200 more deaths in Afghanistan than would have been expected in peacetime among populations of the size deployed to those two conflicts.     

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含非线性介质Fabry-Perot腔混沌研究

根据混沌动力学的基本理论 ,计算了含非线性介质Fabry Perot腔动力学方程在其参数下的Lya punov指数分布图。利用Lyapunov指数和动力学特性的对应关系 ,分析出非线性Fabry Perot腔在各种参数下的动力学特性、稳态参数区域面积和混沌转换机制     

LIVING WITH THE BEAR

George F. Kennan: An American Life, by John Lewis Gaddis. The Penguin Press, 2011. 784 pages, $40.     

Investigating the Desirability of Navy Aircraft Service Life Extension Programs

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定义了A-紧1-集压缩映象场的广义度,扩展了1984年张庆雍建立的半紧1-集压缩映射的不动点指数理论。     

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美军装备采办中需求牵引与技术推动融合研究——以F-22战机为例

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The effect of deployment on first‐ and second‐term re‐enlistment in the US active duty force

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