线性离散系统全阶比例积分观测器设计研究

针对线性离散系统 ,研究了状态方程和测量方程均包含未知输入干扰的状态估计问题 ,提出了一种新的状态观测器 (全阶比例积分观测器 )的设计方法。给出了这种观测器的存在条件。仿真结果显示了全阶比例积分观测器的良好性能。     

实现大空域变轨的三维虚拟目标比例导引律

为了实现反舰导弹的大空域变轨,提出了一种三维虚拟目标比例导引律。该导引律利用简单的控制指令就能控制导弹完成复杂的大空域变轨。采用变轨弹道可以提高导弹的机动性,有效地对抗敌方反导武器系统的拦截,提高突防能力。同时,采用变轨弹道可以增大导弹的射程,实现防区外发射,从而有效地提高发射平台的生存能力。最后,通过仿真实例证明所提出的导引律是很有效的。     

Biased retro-proportional navigation law for interception of high-speed targets with angular constraint

A new guidance law, called biased retro proportional navigation (BRPN), is proposed. The guidance law is designed to intercept high-speed targets with angular constraint, which can be used for ballistic target interception. BRPN guidance law is defined, and the exact time-varying bias for a required impact angle is derived. Furthermore, the simulation results (trajectory, variation of navigation ratio, capture region, etc) are compared with those of biased proportional navigation (BPN), proportional navigation and retro-proportional navigation. The results show that, at the cost of a higher intercept time, BRPN demands lower terminal lateral acceleration and has larger capture region compared to BPN.     

The Illusion of Afghanistan’s Electoral Representative Democracy: The Cases of Afghan Presidential and National Legislative Elections

This article is the latest in a series of published articles systematically examining Afghan Presidential and legislative elections. Structural problems including fraud, ethno-linguistic block voting, and the Single Non-Transferable Vote have had significant impacts on the development of Afghan democratic elections. The challenge now facing the current Afghan government and future elections is the daunting task of uniting the Afghan people while not repeating the electoral mistakes of the past. The tricky balancing act of fostering an overarching national identity without being perceived as privileging particular identities requires strong leadership and a willingness to challenge traditional ethnic, linguistic, and religious norms when need be. Karzai and Ghani Administrations have seriously failed relative to this dynamic.     

The myth of Afghan electoral democracy: the irregularities of the 2014 presidential election

ABSTRACT

This article systematically assesses the 2014 Afghanistan Presidential Election, the first transfer of power from President Hamid Karzai to an elected successor, using provincial voting data as well as explicit data from polling centers. The analysis finds unusual voting results in the April election, where no candidate received 50%+1 votes required by the Afghan constitution, versus the voting results realized for the June ‘runoff election.’ As in other Afghan voting analyses, this article finds voting based on ethno-linguistic preferences, and interestingly found Dr. Ashraf Ghani receiving almost all the swing votes in the runoff election even though the other leading candidate from the April election all endorsed Dr. Abdullah Abdullah. More importantly, however, the research presented here clearly finds extremely strange voting patterns. For example, the polling data center analysis finds 606 polling places where Ghani received all 600 votes and Abdullah received none and another 900 polling centers that gave virtually all its votes to Ghani. These results in combination with other analyses raise the very real possibility that the election results were illegitimate. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the research to future Afghan elections and their processes as well as to the long-standing conflict in the country.     

Political systems,stability and civil wars

In this paper we analyze theoretically and empirically the stability of the different political systems; that is, their ability to prevent conflict. According to our model, the proportional system has a lower probability of group rebellion than the majoritarian system. In the empirical part we test the role of political systems in preventing civil wars. We show that democracy by itself does not play an important explanatory role, while the specific type of political system-majoritarian, presidential and proportional-does. The rationale of this result is that different political systems entail different opportunity costs of rebellion.     

Combined proportional navigation law for interception of high-speed targets

A new proportional navigation (PN) guidance law, called combined proportional navigation (CPN), is proposed. The guidance law is designed to intercept high-speed targets, which is a common case for ballistic targets. The range of target-to-interceptor speed ratio during target interception is derived when guidance laws are applied in high-speed targets interception, and the effectiveness of negative navigation ratio in the PN-based guidance law is proven analytically in some lemmas. Based on the lemmas, the lateral acceleration command of CPN is defined, and the solution to the appearance of singularity in time-varying navigation ratio is given. The simulation results show that CPN can determine head-on engagement (as PN) or tail-chase engagement (as RPN) through initial path angle compared with PN and retro proportional navigation (RPN), and can adjust the value of navigation ratio for head-on engagement or tail-chase engagement. Therefore, the capture region of CPN is larger than that of other guidance laws using PN-based methods.     

基于DSm理论的雷达目标综合识别算法

针对数字多功能雷达的目标识别问题,提出了基于DSm理论的综合识别算法。将不同类型的识别结果置于统一的辨识框架中,并利用经典DSm组合规则进行信息组合,采用冲突按比例重分配规则重新分配组合结果,应用基于广义基本信任分配的决策规则进行判决。仿真结果表明,该方法避免了层次化识别结构带来的信息损失,识别结果中含有更丰富的目标信息。     

基于MBB对应关系的视频中多物体快速跟踪

针对视频监控应用中对视频物体跟踪算法实时性、容错性要求高的特点,提出了一种基于MBB对应关系的快速跟踪算法。该算法放弃了传统的点匹配跟踪算法,从对相邻两帧物体MBB的重叠特性的分析出发,快速确定物体与物体间、物体与场景间的复杂对应关系,并综合利用直方图匹配等方法,解决物体重复出现后的标识问题。通过对NUDT和PETS视频数据的实验分析证明,该算法能够对复杂场景中多个物体同时进行跟踪标识,准确检测处理物体进入、离开场景,以及物体间的合并、分离和遮挡,对复杂环境和预处理造成的错误有较好的容错性。该算法参数设置简单易行,结合预处理快速算法,整个检测跟踪算法耗时大大低于同类算法。     

坦克嵌入式车场射击训练炮长操纵控制模型

在嵌入式射击模拟训练系统中,针对炮长操作过程对模拟训练的影响,建立了炮长操纵控制模型。炮长操纵控制模型包括炮长操纵模型和炮长射击决策模型。炮长操纵模型的建立是基于装备的物理模型和人的生理反应模型。炮长射击决策模型根据坦克射击教范要求,采用与/或正向演绎推理得到。在炮长操纵控制模型基础上,建立了射击反应时间模型,并与实际装备操作进行了比较,对建立的操纵控制模型进行了验证。