纹理和 Fractals

文中着重讨论了三维逼真性图形显示技术中的二个问题:1.纹理处理;2.fractal方法及其在计算机图形学中的应用。纹理处理是在三维明暗图形的基础上,模拟三维物体表面细节的过程,纹理处理分为两类:(1)对光滑表面,(2)对粗糙表面。fractal方法是描述不规则物体的一种较新的方法,文中较详细地讨论了fractal方法及其在计算机图形学中的应用,给出了模拟地形的方法和处理结果。     

Bridging the Gap: Mobilisation Constraints and Contractor Support to US and UK Military Operations

The increasing use of private military and security companies (PMSCs) has attracted considerable scholarly attention due to its corrosive effects on US democracy. Drawing on neoclassical realism, this article provides a comparative dimension to the study of the political drivers of military privatisation by analysing contractor support to US and UK operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Domestic political constraints have shaped both US and UK response to the need for more boots on the ground, increasing the propensity to use contractors as a force multiplier in spite of their problematic impact on military effectiveness.     

Norms,Military Utility,and the Use/Non-use of Weapons: The Case of Anti-plant and Irritant Agents in the Vietnam War

The role of norms and military utility in the use of weapons is disputed by constructivist and realist scholars. Through an examination of US decision-making regarding anti-plant and irritant agents in the Vietnam War, I advance this debate in three key ways. First, I develop structural realism’s expectations regarding the role of military utility. Second, I demonstrate that social and material factors are at play in our understandings of both ‘norms’ and ‘military utility’, and that both played a role in US decisions. Third, I find that the dominant role – as structural realism expects – was played by military utility.