利用最小二乘支持向量机求解潜艇内外磁场映射模型

为提高潜艇磁隐身能力,应对潜艇固定磁场进行实时监测,提出利用最小二乘支持向量机的潜艇内外磁场映射方法。结合内外映射法和最小二乘支持向量机原理,通过交叉验证优化模型参数,建立由内到外的潜艇磁场映射模型。以潜艇外部垂向固定磁场变化量为分析对象,仿真和实验结果均与标准值吻合良好。与径向基神经网络算法相比,该方法的泛化能力和推算精度有明显提高,且更符合工程实际,对闭环消磁技术的研究具有指导意义。     

Military Spending,Conflict and External Debt in Sub-Saharan Africa

The damaging economic effects of the debt crises on Africa in the late 1980s encouraged considerable research on the determinants of external debt in developing economies. Although sub-Saharan Africa's (SSA) debt was cut by two-thirds by 2008, through two debt relief programmes, debt in the region has since been rising at an increasingly rapid pace. This study provides an empirical analysis of the determinants of external debt in SSA over the period 1960–2016, using dynamic panel methods. It also considers two potentially important factors that have received relatively little attention. One is military spending, rarely considered, despite a number of well-publicised scandals over the procurement of unnecessary and expensive high-tech weapons systems. A second, is the possibility that the countries studied have been involved in conflict. The empirical results point to a positive impact of military spending on external debt, but with some evidence of heterogeneity across the countries. Furthermore, findings indicate that the positive effect of military expenditure on debt becomes more marked in countries that have been affected by conflict. These results imply that policies to improve security and reduce military spending could be beneficial in reducing external debt and, potentially, improving economic performance in the region.     

WRF模拟太原地区气象场特征及对弹丸的影响

在用WRF模拟太原地区2014年3月19号天气状况的基础上,得出该地区气象场特征,检验WRF模式在复杂地形下的模拟预报能力,并讨论了模拟的气象场对弹丸飞行造成的可能影响。结果表明:WRF模拟的气象场与真实大气比较接近;在该气象场背景下,射程为90 km的某弹丸由纵风引起射程误差较大,约为1 293.85 m,由横风在落点产生的横向偏差为304.85 m,由温度引起的射程偏差很小约为12.93 m。可见,实际大气对弹丸射击精度的影响是可观的,用WRF模拟的流场计算气象因素对弹丸射击精度的影响是有意义的。     

National security,military spending and the business cycle

This paper develops a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model where national security is an argument in the agent’s utility function and the government chooses optimally the level of military spending to maximize social welfare. National defense depends on military expenditure and on the strategic environment reflecting a potential hostile external threat. We use aggregate data on consumption, investment, and military spending for the US economy to estimate the parameters of the model. Estimation results suggest that consumption and national defense are complements and that military spending variability is mainly explained by external threat shocks although it also depends on the macroeconomic conditions. We compute impulse response functions of the main macroeconomic variables to several shocks: a total factor productivity shock, a defense technology shock, and a strategic environment shock. Surprisingly, we find that the optimal response to an increase in the external threat (a worsening in the strategic environment) will rise output by reducing consumption and increasing investment.     

Does military expenditure increase external debt? Evidence from Asia

This article empirically explores the effect of military spending on external debt, using a sample of ten Asian countries over the years from 1990 to 2011. The Hausman’s test suggests that the random-effects model is preferable; however, both random-effects and fixed-effects models are used in this research. The empirical results show that the effect of military spending on external debt is positive, while the effects of foreign exchange reserves and of economic growth on external debt are negative. For developing countries caught in security dilemma, military expenditure often requires an increase in external debt, which may affect economic development negatively.     

自然风对旋转弹丸外弹道性能影响的仿真研究

为研究自然风对旋转弹丸外弹道性能的影响,基于坐标变换理论考虑了地球曲率变化对刚体弹道模型的作用,分析了自然风对各气动力和气动力矩的影响,建立了非标准条件下的刚体外弹道模型。应用该模型对某105mm榴弹不同风速、风向下的外弹道过程进行仿真,结果表明,自然风对飞行弹丸的攻角姿态有较大影响,进而影响弹丸的射程和方向偏移量;自然风对弹丸攻角姿态的影响在弹丸飞行的初始阶段风速大小起主要作用,而在弹丸飞行的中间阶段则是风矢方向起主要作用。     

狮子搏兔,亦用全力——谈《水浒传》对几个小情节的处理

《水浒传》的情节所体现出的作者的艺术造诣,一直为读者和批评家津津乐道。对于三个女人的情节,体现了现代文学理论的设计理念,值得我们重视。本文试从因果逻辑这一规律来考察这三个相似情节中的相异性,从中我们可以看出作者深厚的艺术功底。     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXTERNAL DEBT,DEFENCE EXPENDITURES AND GNP REVISITED: THE CASE OF TURKEY

This paper contributes to the continuing debate on the economic effects of military expenditure by undertaking a case study of Greece. Within Europe Greece provides a particularly interesting object of study. It has the highest military burden in Europe and NATO, is the only European Union country situated in the unstable environment of the Balkans, faces a military threat from Turkey, and has a very weak economy. After some background analysis of the economy and military expenditure, the paper investigates the determinants of Greek military expenditure as well as whether the high military burden has played an important role in Greece's poor economic performance over the period 1960–1996. It estimates a Keynesian simultaneous equation model with a supply side, which allows the indirect effects of military expenditure to be captured explicitly. It concludes that the major determinants of Greek defence spending are not economic but strategic (the threat of war) and that the direct effect of defence spending on economic growth as well as the indirect effects through savings and trade balance are all significantly negative. On the basis of such strong results, the paper concludes that defence spending is harmful for the Greek economy.     

THE DEFENCE SPENDING–EXTERNAL DEBT NEXUS IN ETHIOPIA

The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of defence spending and income on the evolution of Ethiopia’s external debt over the period 1970–2005. Using the bounds test approach to cointegration and Granger causality tests, we find a long run and a causal relationship between external debt, defence spending and income. Defence spending had a positive and a significant impact on the stock of external debt while income had a negative and a statistically significant impact on external debt. Our findings suggest that an increase in defence spending contributes to the accumulation of Ethiopia’s external debt, while an increase in economic growth helps Ethiopia to reduce its external debt.     

A DYNAMIC PANEL DATA MODEL FOR ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MILITARY EXPENDITURE AND GOVERNMENT DEBT IN THE EU

This paper examines the impact of military spending on general government debt in the enlarged European Union (EU) countries. For this purpose, we use panel data analysis and provide estimates from a dynamic Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) panel model. The dynamics are found to be important and the results suggest that military expenditures do have a large positive impact on the share of general government debt in the EU.