聚能射流形成过程的理论建模与分析

分析了聚能射流的形成过程,并对其中的各阶段进行了详细建模。在模型中考虑了炸药爆轰、金属的驱动、药型罩压垮以及射流和杵体的形成过程。采用该模型对某一聚能装药结构进行了计算,计算结果表明:药型罩顶部和底部微元的压垮速度较小,在射流头部形成反向速度梯度,与试验数据吻合较好。该模型对于多级侵彻战斗部的工程设计与侵彻参数的计算具有一定的参考价值。     

Damage of multi-layer spaced metallic target plates impacted by radial layered PELE

Three different kinds of PELE (the penetrator with lateral efficiency) were launched by ballistic artillery to impact the multi-layer spaced metal target plates. The impact velocities of the projectiles were measured by the velocity measuring system. The damage degree and process of each layer of target plate impacted by the three kinds of projectiles were analyzed. The experimental results show that all the three kinds of projectiles have the effect of expanding holes on the multi-layer spaced metal target plates. For the normal structure PELE(without layered) with tungsten alloy jacket and the radial layered PELE with tungsten alloy jacket, the diameters of holes on the second layer of plates are 3.36 times and 3.76 times of the diameter of the projectile, respectively. For radial layered PELE with W/Zr-based amorphous composite jacket, due to the large number of tungsten wires dispersed after the impact, the diameter of the holes on the four-layer spaced plates can reach 2.4 times, 3.04 times, 5.36 times and 2.68 times of the diameter of the projectile. Besides, the normal structure PELE with tungsten alloy jacket and the radial layered PELE whit tungsten alloy jacket formed a large number of fragments impact marks on the third target plate. Although the number of fragments penetrating the third target plate is not as large as that of the normal structure PELE, the area of dispersion of fragments impact craters on the third target plate is larger by the radial layered PELE. The radial layered PELE with W/Zr-based amorphous composite jacket released a lot of heat energy due to the impact of the matrix material, and formed a large area of ablation marks on the last three target plates.     

Heavy metal free primers: Polymorphism of gadolinium and titanium in the context of GSR glass phase

The possibility of identifying gunshot residue (GSR) particles produced by non-toxic primers containing only titanium and zinc is a very difficult task using SEM/EDX analysis employed in the analysis of GSR originating from primers containing lead, barium and antimony. However, Bauer et al. demonstrated that non-toxic (TiZn) primers form a TiZn₂O₄ spinel crystalline structure using SEM/EDX with EBSD (Electron Back Scatter Diffraction) and TKD (Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction), whereas GSR originating from gadolinium-doped TiZn primers form a non-crystalline glass phase. Here, a possible explanation of these different phenomena is hypothesized.     

化学激光气流污染及清洁方式对腔镜反射率的影响

利用光腔衰荡光谱法对氧碘化学激光器(COIL)经气流污染及清洁后的高反射镜反射率进行了一系列的测量研究.测量结果显示,气流中的某些物质会对腔镜造成污染而使其反射率下降,采用不同的清洁方式对反射率的提高程度有很大差别,First ContactTM溶液清洁腔镜对其反射率的提高有显著作用.     

基于有限元分析的金属套／陶瓷柱外伸式过盈连接应力分布规律

以45^#金属套和氮化硅陶瓷柱为研究对象,采用有限元法分析了不同过盈量下金属套／陶瓷柱外伸式过盈连接的应力分布规律。结果表明：陶瓷柱在接触边缘均存在明显的边缘效应,轴向应力梯度较大;金属套在接触边缘内侧存在显著的应力集中,其值远大于对应位置陶瓷柱的压应力,易于导致陶瓷材料破坏。采用热胀法进行了试验验证,过盈连接试样均在12h内发生自然断裂,较好地验证了有限元分析结果。     

对我国农村环境污染防治对策的系统分析

分析了现阶段我国农村环境污染的主要特点,并对农村环境污染防治的宏观对策进行了系统性分析。由手农村污染严重、防治形势严峻且比城市环境污染情况复杂,在制定农村环境污染防治对策时,需要运用系统工程原理全方位、全过程分析实际情况,制定整体效果最优的系统化对策组合,并注意对策措施的系统性、协调性、连续性和针对性。     

均匀设计在柴油无灰节能降污添加剂配方研制中的应用

基于低压氧弹燃烧法研究了充氧压力分别为0．6MPa和0．9MPa时两种无灰型柴油添加剂不同配比对助燃性能的影响。采用均匀实验设计和Matlab回归优化的方法,得到复配体系的最优配方,并对其进行了验证。结果表明,由Matlab回归分析得到的完全二次回归模型最理想,0．6MPa时由该模型得到的最优配方为：添加剂A和B的质量分数分别是0．300‰和0．700‰,并通过实验验证得到的发热量达到最大,变化率为8．697％。0．9MPa时,结合直观分析和回归分析,得到与实际相符的最优配方：添加剂A和B的质量分数分别是0．600‰和0．900‰,此时发热量皮化率为4．453％。     

金属复合板的消防安全性能探讨

随着我国科技进步及建筑节能需要,特别是近年钢结构建筑体系的推广,金属复合板得到迅猛发展。从分析金属复合板的材料性能和火灾特点入手,就工程施工、使用过程中存在的消防安全问题及防范措施进行了探析。     

镍对重力分离SHS陶瓷内衬复合管的影响

采用SHS重力分离技术制备陶瓷内衬复合管,通过改变主燃烧配系组元Ni的含量,研究分析了金属Ni对陶瓷内衬复合管制备的燃烧特性及机械性能的影响。研究发现,适量的Ni粉能促进SHS燃烧进行,提高燃烧体系的绝热燃烧温度和陶瓷层的致密度,并且有助于形成金属/陶瓷界面过渡层,这极大提高了复合管的显微硬度和抗压剪强度。当Ni粉含量为19wt％时,陶瓷层的显微硬度和抗压剪强度分别最高达1764N/mm2和36.1MPa。     

两类白化权函数的比较

分别根据三角形白化权函数和梯形白化权函数对长江流域各站点的水污染现状进行灰色评价,对评价结果进行比较,发现三角形白化权函数和梯形白化权函数的使用在灰色评价中利用最大隶属度原理得到的结果是一样的,这与灰色理论及模糊数学理论是一致的。若要精确到求出评价值进行排序,结果不完全相同,但差别不大。与其他方法比较利用梯形白化权函数计算尽管复杂但效果更好些。