论公民参与消防行政的途径

新消防法将公民参与作为一项重要的工作原则,体现了消防行政的民主性。公民作为消防行政服务的受益者和受害者,理应成为消防行政的关键。分析当前我国消防行政参与的现状和缺陷,并提出保障消防行政参与的途径。     

Into the black box? Technology sharing in major arms transfers and beyond

From the recipients’ perspective, arms transfers have, through the use of offsets, technology transfers, and industrial participation, become an opportunity to receive not only advanced weapons, but also technologies not otherwise available. How important are friendly relations for securing a military export order? To what extent do buyers demand advanced military or commercial technology and how are these demands accepted by the supplier? How does this influence smaller producers in relation to major producers? These questions are addressed by studying (a) the Joint Strike Fighter/F-35 by Lockheed Martin, USA, and the JAS-39 Gripen aircraft by Saab, Sweden, (b) the Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft competition in India for 126 combat aircraft, and (c) the Indian offset policy. In the final section, some long-term consequences are discussed.     

亚历山大建筑思想之解析

作为20世纪杰出的建筑规划改革思想家,克里斯托弗·亚力山大在建筑的理论和实践方面都有深远的影响。文章对亚氏的建筑思想进行了探讨,对其理论著作和思想发展过程作了一定的分析,阐述了亚氏的模式语言和无名特质所带来的建筑理论和实践的变革,指出以使用者亲自感受为中心、强调公众参与设计是亚氏理论的核心内容。     

Police Corruption: Towards a Working Definition

According to the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) publication Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities under International Humanitarian Law, all civilians (including child soldiers) lose their immunity from direct targeting ‘for so long as’ their actions amount to direct participation in hostilities. All civilians can, however, access the revolving door of protection and return to their civilian activities – complete with full immunity from direct targeting – provided the nature of their direct participation was spontaneous and disorganised. Once it can be ascertained that their participation in hostilities amounts to continuous combative functions, they relinquish their access to the revolving door of protection, and can be targeted at all times until they abandon their formal or functional membership of the belligerent group. This piece analyses how the revolving door phenomenon and the notion of continuous combative functions apply in instances where civilian child soldiers are directly participating in hostilities.     

论公安边防部队基层决策中的公众参与

公安边防部队基层决策中的公众参与,是指凡涉及公众利益而无需保密的重大决策,基层边防部队在决策的各个环节。都要吸收公众有序参与,并使决策充分反映民意。在国际金融危机和国内转型期条件下,基层边防部队要不断优化公众参与决策的环境,实行决策公开,推行决策听证,发挥网络优势,畅通民意反映渠道,并健全完善回应、考评、监督、纠错、问责等保障机制。实现公众参与决策健康持续进行。     

BEYOND DECLARATIONS OF INTENT

This essay explores the obligations arising from the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime, signed in Palermo, Italy at the end of 2000. It also discusses the initiatives required to prepare the legal system and related infrastructure of Zimbabwe for its implementation. Zimbabwe joined more than 120 other countries in signing the Palermo convention, but has not yet ratified it. The ratification would enshrine the latest initiatives to develop effective strategies against transnational organised crime. The Palermo convention makes demands on the laws and institutions of states parties which could enhance their capacity to confront organised crime. Ratification signifies competence to implement the prescribed obligations, which can only occur after introducing suitable domestic laws, and adopting the necessary administrative mechanisms. The required reforms are bound to have certain policy and legislative implications for Zimbabwe. Regional initiatives complementary to the Palermo convention are expected to catalyse positive changes in Zimbabwe's response mechanisms.     

我国农民有序政治参与问题探析

实现广泛有序的公民政治参与,是深化政治体制改革的重要内容,是发展社会主义民主的需要。目前我国农民无序政治参与现象比较严重。解决农民无序政治参与的途径主要应该通过大力发展农村商品经济,夯实农民有序政治参与的物质基础;畅通农民有序政治参与的渠道;加强对农村干部的教育与监督;全面提高农民的民主法制素质。     

论公众参与和消防规划设计的实施

通过分析我国消防规划设计过程中存在的弊端,提出公众参与是解决弊端的有效方式,并对公众参与的法律保障进行了分析,提出了适合我国的公众参与的方法。     

Is South Africa's 20 years of democracy in crisis? Examining the impact of unrest incidents in local protests in the post-apartheid South Africa

This article assesses South Africa's 20 years of democracy, which has frequently been bedevilled by local protests. This article is particularly interested in those unrest incidents that have been distinct for one reason or another. In South Africa, the surge in local unrest incidents is often linked to police behaviour, which has become increasingly militant and brutal when quelling protests. While the right to protest is constitutional, the damage caused during protest action can be immense owing to acts of violence. Protestors' resorting to violent protest action is often linked to increased frustrations as a result of the government's inability to live up to the expectations of marginalised and poor communities. While this article draws primarily on existing scholarly debates focusing on social protests, the primary objective is to examine the impact of unrest incidents on local protests in post-apartheid South Africa. The article further argues that ‘spaces’ for participation in local governance should be created so that citizens can become architects of development and their own future.