动目标显示雷达改善因子的自动测试

本文对动目标显示雷达改善因子的自动测试系统进行了研究,给出一种新型的全数字式频率合成器,它能在雷达的中频上叠加频率范围为±70kHz、量化间隔为0.5Hz的多普勒频率。     

The impact of animal welfare regulations on firms' product offerings: Humane or organic product?

Increased public concerns about animal welfare have spurred new regulations to improve animals' treatment and living conditions. We study how these regulations affect firms' product offerings, prices, and profits. We consider two competing animal agriculture supply chains, each consisting of a supplier and a buyer. New regulations require firms to choose between offering humane or organic products, which are differentiated by animals' living conditions. We find that consumers' growing awareness of animal welfare encourages firms to offer organic products, which require the highest standards for animals' living conditions. We also show that tightening humane product standards and loosening organic product standards encourage firms to offer organic products—but with distinct pricing implications. The former leads to higher retail prices whereas the latter may lower retail prices. Depending on costs and consumers' awareness of animal welfare, a humane product may be priced higher or lower than an organic product. Furthermore, we provide conditions under which a regulator should offer a unit-cost or an investment cost subsidy to improve social welfare. We show that subsidies can encourage firms to change from offering humane to organic products, or vice versa, to enhance total social welfare.     

Supply chain coordination with product line design and a revenue sharing scheme

Many manufacturers sell their products through retailers and share the revenue with those retailers. Given this phenomenon, we build a stylized model to investigate the role of revenue sharing schemes in supply chain coordination and product variety decisions. In our model, a monopolistic manufacturer serves two segments of consumers, which are distinguished by their willingness to pay for quality. In the scenario with exogenous revenue sharing ratios, when the potential gain from serving the low segment is substantial (e.g., the low‐segment consumers' willingness to pay is high enough or the low segment takes a large enough proportion of the market), the retailer is better off abandoning the revenue sharing scheme. Moreover, when the potential gain from serving the low (high) segment is substantial enough, the manufacturer finds it profitable to offer a single product. Furthermore, when revenue sharing ratios are endogenous, we divide our analysis into two cases, depending on the methods of cooperation. When revenue sharing ratios are negotiated at the very beginning, the decentralized supply chain causes further distortion. This suggests that the central premise of revenue sharing—the coordination of supply chains—may be undermined if supply chain parties meticulously bargain over it.     

某两栖车绕流场数值模拟研究及外形优化分析

运用多块混合网格,采用RNG湍流模型、流体体积法(VOF)和PISO算法对某型两栖侦察车带自由表面的粘性绕流场进行了数值模拟研究,数值方法采用相关试验数据进行了验证,误差在9%以内.针对模拟结果显示的影响其水动力特性的主要结构部位和外形参数进行了优化,并计算分析了轮穴、车体切角、车轮状态以及车首导流板对两栖车航行性能的影响.计算结果表明,改进后的车体绕流场特性得到了较大的改善,航速10km/h时减阻效果可达原车总阻力的69.2%,有效地提高了某型两栖侦察车的航行性能.     

Designing and pricing menus of extended warranty contracts

Extended warranties provide “piece of mind” to a consumer in that product failures which occur after the base warranty expires are rectified at little or no cost. They also provide an additional source of revenue for manufacturers or third‐party providers, such as retailers or insurance providers, and help cultivate consumer loyalty. In this article, we analyze a number of extended warranty contracts which differ in design, including restrictions on deferrals and renewals. With the use of dynamic programming, we compute the optimal strategy for a consumer with perfect information and determine the optimal pricing policy for the provider given the consumer's risk characterization. We also provide insight into when different contracts should be issued. Finally, we illustrate how profits can be dramatically increased by offering menus of warranty contracts, as opposed to stand alone contracts, with the use of integer programming. Surprisingly, risk‐taking consumers provide the greatest benefit to offering menus. These insights can help a company develop a comprehensive warranty planning strategy for given products or product lines. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009     

防空导弹总体设计方法的新发展——弹族化设计

研究了防空导弹一种新的总体设计思想———弹族化设计 ,论述了防空导弹弹族的设计与研制采用预先计划的产品改进P3 I(Pre PlannedProductImprovement)系统方法的必要性与有效性 ,通过对一个覆盖全空域、包含有 3种导弹的防空导弹弹族进行一体化优化设计 ,其结果证明了弹族化设计方法的可行性和优越性     

落球法测定液体粘滞系数实验的改进

针对测定液体粘滞系数实验中所存在的问题,对小球下落时间的测量方法提出了改进,以提高实验精度,减小实验误差。     

采用向量内积的并行相关算法

针对软件接收机相关器计算的实时性问题,通过分析扩频信号的接收过程,建立一种基于向量内积的并行相关信号接收模型。利用图形处理单元中大量的浮点运算单元进行矩阵与向量运算,并行计算各通道相关值,提高了信号相关运算的实时性。仿真验证结果表明,利用基于GPU的向量内积软件并行相关算法计算25 MHz采样率时长1 ms的信号相关值,25个通道共150个相关运算耗时967μs,与CPU上基于数学核心函数库的实现相比速度约提高了61.4倍,能够实现宽带扩频信号软件实时相关接收。     

An adaptive forecasting algorithm and inventory policy for products with short life cycles

Products with short life cycles are becoming increasingly common in many industries, such as the personal computer (PC) and mobile phone industries. Traditional forecasting methods and inventory policies can be inappropriate for forecasting demand and managing inventory for a product with a short life cycle because they usually do not take into account the characteristics of the product life cycle. This can result in inaccurate forecasts, high inventory cost, and low service levels. Besides, many forecasting methods require a significant demand history, which is available only after the product has been sold for some time. In this paper, we present an adaptive forecasting algorithm with two characteristics. First, it uses structural knowledge on the product life cycle to model the demand. Second, it combines knowledge on the demand that is available prior to the launch of the product with actual demand data that become available after the introduction of the product to generate and update demand forecasts. Based on the forecasting algorithm, we develop an optimal inventory policy. Since the optimal inventory policy is computationally expensive, we propose three heuristics and show in a numerical study that one of the heuristics generates near‐optimal solutions. The evaluation of our approach is based on demand data from a leading PC manufacturer in the United States, where the forecasting algorithm has been implemented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.     

Optimal pricing for a short life‐cycle product when customer price‐sensitivity varies over time

Technology products often experience a life‐cycle demand pattern that resembles a diffusion process, with weak demand in the beginning and the end of the life cycle and high demand intensity in between. The customer price‐sensitivity also changes over the life cycle of the product. We study the prespecified pricing decision for a product that exhibits such demand characteristics. In particular, we determine the optimal set of discrete prices and the times to switch from one price to another, when a limited number of price changes are allowed. Our study shows that the optimal prices and switching times show interesting patterns that depend on the product's demand pattern and the change in the customers' price sensitivity over the life cycle of the product. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012