有向无环图决策支持向量机和经验模式分解在轴承故障诊断中的应用

当旋转机械发生故障时,其振动信号常常表现出较为复杂的调制形式,经验模式分解能根据信号的真实物理意义完成自适应分解。支持向量机由于其出色的学习性能和良好的推广能力,使其在包括故障诊断在内的众多领域得到较为广泛的应用。利用经验模式分解结果提取频带能量特征向量,采用有向无环图决策支持向量机实现对轴承状态的判别,并基于留一法优化支持向量机的模型参数。最终的应用结果表明,基于EMD和有向无环图决策支持向量机方法可以有效实现对轴承的状态判别。     

从评价系统看小说人物刻画——以《傲慢与偏见》的两封信为例

本文以系统功能和评价系统理论为依据,分析《傲慢与偏见》中两封信的表现态度系统的语义资源。经过分析笔者发现两封信截然不同的语言表达方式是小说中不同人物性格的外在表现。小说是很好的语言学习材料,我们在分析小说的同时,也让我们欣赏到了作者刻画小说人物的精湛处理。     

The Somali National Army: an assessment

To engage properly with the Somali National Army, to understand it in the hope of improving stability and the lives of over 12 million Somalis, good basic information on its composition and characteristics is necessary. Authoritative accounts on the subject have been scarce for over 25 years. This account seeks to detail the army’s dispositions across southern Somalia, and, more importantly, the brigades’ clan compositions and linkages. Clan ties supersede loyalties to the central government. The army as it stands is a collection of former militias which suffer from ill-discipline and commit crime along with greater atrocities. Estimates of numbers are unreliable, but there might be 13,000 or more fighters in six brigades in the Mogadishu area and five beyond.     

Does aid cause conflict in Pakistan?

This study provides evidence from Pakistan on how the delegated task of achieving strategic objectives of the donor can lead to incompatibility of aid objectives which then generates perpetual and multidimensional domestic conflict in the recipient society. We use count data method to estimate the relationship between aid and conflict. At the aggregate level, social sector spending, regime change and youth bulge are positively and significantly related with conflict. However, aid per capita gives ambiguous results. It is significant with conflict count in the terrorism data-set and insignificant for data on armed conflict. Inclusion of youth bulge and unemployment rate confirms the marginalization hypothesis of conflict. Inflation rate and the tax variables are insignificant. This confirms that aid erodes fiscal capacity. At project-level data, conflict is strongly related with aid commitment and purpose. Discrepancy in aid allocation and commitment may accentuate conflict.     

Too much Western bias? The need for a more culturally adaptable approach to post-conflict security sector reform

The existing guidelines for security sector reform (SSR) tend to draw on theoretical work in the field of civil–military relations, which in turn has been derived from Western, liberal democratic models of governance. Although guidelines strongly advise that local culture and context need to be considered when drawing up objectives for post-conflict SSR programmes, this is not often reflected in practice. This article considers some of the reasons for this, citing both in-country challenges and donor-related issues, and suggests that one of the biggest problems is a lack of alternative, non-orthodox models of civil–military relations to draw upon. It is further suggested that elements of suitable alternative models may be found in states which possess political structures not entirely dissimilar to the Western, liberal democratic ideal, but which can offer different perspectives. Detailed research of these structures should produce a pool of sub-models which could then be employed to create bespoke, culturally appropriate objectives for use in post-conflict SSR programmes.     

Security sector reform in Africa: Donor approaches versus local needs

Many African states have security sector reform (SSR) programs. These are often internationally funded. But how do such programs account for previously existing security institutions and the security needs of local communities? This article examines SSR all over Africa to assess local ownership and path dependency from a New Institutionalist perspective. It finds that SSR, particularly in post-conflict countries, tends to be driven by ideas and perceptions of international donors promoting generalized blueprints. Often, such programs only account in a very limited way for path-dependent aspects of security institutions or the local context. Hence, the reforms often lack local participation and are thus not accepted by the local community eventually.     

基于属性的舰载机航材备件品种确定方法

航材备件品种确定是舰载机供应保障工作的重要内容。基于属性对舰载机航材备件品种确定进行研究。基于粗糙集理论对属性集进行属性约简,确定航材备件品种确定的主要影响属性,然后基于属性约简进行航材备件品种确定。给出了单属性、顺次属性和多属性的品种决策方法。最后结合实例进行了应用分析。     

民俗习惯在民事审判中司法适用的实证分析

当今的司法审判始终显现着一种特殊现象,即无论成文法如何完备,民俗习惯总会渗透到民事活动中施加规范性影响,这一态势在基层社会生活中尤其明显。而在司法代表国家意志对这些民事活动进行评价时,审判者也无时无刻不感受着民俗习惯的那份坚守。关注民俗习惯在基层法治生态中的价值,通过实证研究的方式解构民俗习惯在司法实践过程中的应用,来展示可使审判者把握此种影响的客观规律,分析在法制体系下如何合理、准确、高效地适用民俗习惯。     

情绪对初高中学生道德判断的影响

道德行为是道德判断的结果,而道德判断往往受到情绪的影响。愤怒和愉快是对个人行为产生影响的两种不同的典型情绪状态。通过采用情绪启动范式进行了实验研究,从愤怒和愉快两种情绪状态和情绪强度两个方面,对初高中生共444人的道德判断水平进行了考察。结果发现愤怒情绪状态下中学生的道德判断得分明显的高于愉快情绪状态,高中生的得分明显高于初中生,情绪的强度对中学生道德判断水平没有影响。     

UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL REFORM

Much has changed since the United Nations was established in 1945. New challenges confront the organization including global warming, global diseases and global terrorism. Responding to these challenges requires continual change, adaptation and learning—a hallmark of the stewardship of current UN Secretary General Kofi Annan. In 1997 Annan announced major structural changes to streamline the organization, follow up five years later by another initiative to clarify, simplify and rationalize the organization and subsequent efforts to streamline UN peacekeeping. The UN has also forged new partnerships with civil society and the private sector. Important as these changes are, reform of the General Assembly and the Security Council hold the organization hostage to the vested interests of key member states. There are a number of options to make the Council more representative including regionalism, population distribution, economic weight, culture/religion/civilization and democracy. Clearly the largest challenge is the absence of representation for Asia, Africa and Latin America. Currently Germany, Japan, India and Brazil have strong claims—plus at least one candidate from Africa. Should these four countries decide to act in unison, they could force reform of the Security Council