Reserve forces and the transformation of British military organisation: soldiers,citizens and society

In recent years, there has been a sharp growth in political and sociological interest in the British military. Set against the backdrop of the armed forces’ increasing presence in everyday life, alongside the organizations’ ongoing restructuring, the current paper focuses on the MoD’s problematic attempts to recruit 30,000 reservists by 2020; what has become known as the Future Reserves 2020 programme (FR2020). We argue that these changes are driven in part by the need to cut costs in defence. However, we also suggest that they are a reflection of the changing nature of modern military organisation, and the manner in which armed forces engage with the societies of which they are a part, and with the citizens that make up that society. We locate FR2020 programme in the context of a wider narrative about the changing nature of military organisation in contemporary western democracies, identifying structural, circumstantial and normative reasons for change. We also examine the specific challenges of implementing FR2020 in practice, including issues of recruitment and retention, integration and support, and relations with families and employers, drawing on the experience of comparator countries to do so. We conclude by considering the implications of these changes, both for the future of UK armed forces, and for the evolving nature of military-society relations in Britain.     

航空弹药供应保障存在的问题及对策

在现代高技术信息化战争中,航空弹药地位和作用日渐突出。在分析了信息化条件下现代战争对航空弹药供应保障提出的新需求基础上,指出了航空弹药供应保障存在的不足,并从航空弹药的储备、管理和供应三个方面分别提出了相应的对策。研究表明,着眼应急作战的实际需要,搞好航空弹药供应保障,提高应急作战弹药供应保障能力,是摆在面前的一个现实而又紧迫的任务。     

Stochastic modeling for computational warranty analysis

We examine two key stochastic processes of interest for warranty modeling: (1) remaining total warranty coverage time exposure and (2) warranty load (total items under warranty at time t). Integral equations suitable for numerical computation are developed to yield probability law for these warranty measures. These two warranty measures permit warranty managers to better understand time‐dependent warranty behavior, and thus better manage warranty cash reserves. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.     

基于失供概率的弹药储备构成分析

弹药储备与失供问题是战时弹药供应决策的核心问题之一。以师规模的野战阵地防御战为例,运用弹药消耗模式仿真模型进行弹药储备量与失供概率关系定量分析,为合理确定弹药储备构成提供科学的辅助决策手段。     

基于储备模式选择的战备物资分类研究

对战备物资进行分类是选择储备模式的基础和重要前提。把战备物资分类问题抽象为战备物资的军事性和经济性评价问题,设计了物资分类评价指标体系,并对部分指标进行了说明;利用层次分析法确定各指标的权重,运用专家打分法完成指标打分,并对专家打分程序进行优化,增强战备物资分类的可操作性,由军事性和经济性两方面的得分确定战备物资所属类别;最后通过算例证明了分类方法的有效性。     

机构的工作能力储备及工作能力计算模型

机构工作能力的定量分析是研究机械产品可靠性的基础.提出了工作能力储备的概念,分析了工作能力储备与安全系数、约束条件参数及可靠度的关系.指出传统设计中采用安全系数来保证机械产品质量存在的缺点,进而给出机构工作能力的计算模型.为机构工作能力的定量描述奠定了基础.     

机构的工作能力与约束条件

本文是“机构可靠性”的续篇.进一步讨论了机构的工作能力和约束条件,将其划分为构件的和运动副的工作能力与约束条件,给出了描述方法,为机构可靠性与工作能力的定量分析打下了基础.     

应急器材柔性采购定价建模与求解

由于当前应急器材储备依然存在“多储”或“少储”风险,为提高储备效益,以企业经济效益与军队采购成本为优化目标,提出了应急器材柔性采购策略。通过建立企业储备策略与军队采购定价最优化模型,求解得到了在不同战争爆发概率及器材现货市场价格区间等外部环境因素下的军队最佳柔性定价及对应的企业最优储备策略,并通过实例分析验证了得出的决策结论。结果表明,最优策略的实施将有利于军队与企业共担应急器材数量储备风险。     

磺化酚醛树脂的研究:高效减水剂的制备及其对混凝土工作度和力学性能的影响

制备了以磺化酚醛树脂为基础的3种高效减水剂,该高效减水剂能显著地减少用水量和改善混凝土工作度以及力学强度.测试结果显示:随掺量的增加,混凝土抗压强度在一定范围内有明显的提高,然后增加较慢或有所下降;混凝土的抗折、抗拉、抗剪强度以及与钢筋的粘接强度均高于对照空白样.同硅灰、磨砂矿渣相结合还获得了抗压强度大于100MPa、流动性好的超高强混凝土.     

基于两级供应关系的军械战备器材存储模型研究

提出了在一定经费的约束条件下,使所有二级存储场站的所有战备器材期望缺货数最小的模型,通过对后方仓库存量初值和场站库存量的确定,求解出后方仓库和场站之间库存量的优化分配调整方案。最后通过实例得出发散型布局形态模型。