生物附着及防治

由生物附着引起的船舶航速下降、过量耗费燃料（温室气体排放）及过高的船舶维修保养费用及船舶腐蚀等一系列问题，使得相关部门不得不耗费巨资来解决这一问题，同时也引起了生物学、流体力学、材料学及工程学等多个学科的专家们的共同关注。文章主要根据现阶段研究进展介绍了生物污损的过程及附着生物的分类．最后概述了防除船舶附着生物方法，并探讨了采用宏基因组学方法来尝试解决生物附着问题的可能性。

Biofouling and its Prevention

In order to solve the problems of speed loss, excessive fuel consuming, cost of ship maintenance, and ship corrosion due to biofouling, relevant government departments have to spend an immense amount of money. These problems also raise collective attention from experts of biology, fluid mechanics, materials science, and engineering. In this paper, the process of biofouling and the classification of fouling organisms are introduced according to the current research progress. The anti-fouling methods are also summarized, and the possibility of preventing biofouling using metagenomics methods are discussed.