浅析当前美国国防预算改革

美国是世界军费最高的国家,其国防预算的庞大规模导致管理过程异常复杂。这种复杂性也带来了种种问题,并催生了改革的需求。但由于国内外种种因素的制约,美国的国防预算改革进展缓慢。在美国预算赤字日益严重和外交政策愈来愈依赖军事力量的情况下,美国的国防预算改革迫在眉睫。本文系统梳理了美国国防预算制定与实施中的问题,包括资源与战略之间的错配、国防支出结构复杂以及缺乏监管等等,并分析了影响改革的因素以及改革的进展与前景。国家战略调整往往需要在国防预算上做出相应的调整。因此,在考察美国的国家战略演变时,需要特别关注国防预算上的改革。

Thoughts on US defense budget reform

As the country with the biggest military spending globally, the US has an extremely complicated budget management process because of its sheer size. A variety of issues can be attributed to the complexity, and require reform. However, constrained by numerous internal and external factors, the reform progress is slow at best, even though urgent actions are needed in the face of the mounting budget deficit and militarization of foreign policy. This paper systematically summarizes the US defense budget making and implementation problems, such as the mismatch between strategy and funding priorities, the sophisticated spending structure, and lack of oversight. It also identifies factors influencing the reform and evaluates the progress and trends of the defense spending reform. As national strategy adjustment tends to be accompanied by corresponding changes in the military budget, the defense budget reform should be closely watched when observing the evolution of the US national strategy.