飞机静电起电放电机理及带电极性的相关研究

飞机上的静电来源主要包括：沉积颗粒的摩擦起电、发动机引擎燃烧产生的等离子气体起电、穿越带电云层时的感应起电、对流起电和雨滴等粒子的破裂起电等。当机体上电压达到周围介质的放电电压阈值时就会放电，这些放电产生的电磁噪声对导航和通讯都会造成干扰。飞机放电机理主要包括电晕放电、绝缘材料与金属之间的流柱放电和相邻未焊接金属间的火花放电。在实验室内通过对不同物质进行摩擦起电试验和发动机尾气喷射起电实验，得出不同起电方式的带电极性。

Research on Static Electrification and Discharging of Aircraft and its Charged Polarity

Sources of static electrification of aircraft include frictional charging by precipitation particles, engine exhaust jet electrification,induction charging when the aircraft flying in the electric fields （between oppositely charged cloud regions） , charging by convection and charging an aircraft by the breakup of rain splashing against the leading edges. The potential of an aircraft increases until a threshold is reached at which electrical discharges occur, generating electromagnetic noise that interferes with both navigation and communications. The discharge mechanisms include corona discharge breakdown of the air, streamer discharge across insulating dielectric surfaces to the metal airframe, and sparks between inadvertently unbonded adjacent metal sections of the aircraft. The charged polarities of different materials are studied according to the experiments of frictional charging and engine exhaust jet electrification.