蠕变力学的今昔与展望

蠕变力学是一门悠久而又年轻的固体力学分支。为各种在高温、高压和其它严酷环境下工作的部件,如压力容器、管道、涡轮叶片等进行设计选定尺寸或估计有效服役寿命时,蠕变力学有重要的理论与实践意义,其任务是处理一些困难而严酷的工程问题。本文综述蠕变力学的主要进展,包括四个部分:1、蠕变研究的历史活动;2、蠕变研究的最新进展;3、常用的应力分析计算方法;4、蠕变破断与失稳。希望本文对于青年学者和工程师们有一定参考作用。

The Creep Mechanics: its Past, Recent and the Prospect

Creep mechanics is an ancient as well as a young branch of solid mechanics. It is ofpractice and theoretical importance to the structure and machine desiges in choosing thework-piece dimensions and estimating the effective service life of the heat-resistingparts, such as the pressure vessels, pipings, turbine blands, or variously structural parts,protractedly operating under high-temperature, high pressure, and other harsh environ-ments. The major task of creep research is to solve such knotty and severe engineeringproblems. The present paper surveys and briefly reviews the major advances of creep mechan-ics. It inclucles four main parts: 1 Historical activities on creep mechanics; 2. Some recentresults in creep research;3. Several computational methods of stress analysis in commonuse; and 4. About creep rupture and failure. We cherish the hope that it might be of some sevice to the youthful scholars and en-gineers.