作战任务的形式化描述及其过程表示方法

为了使各信息系统一致地理解作战任务的内涵及执行过程,本文对作战任务的形式化描述方法进行了深入研究。在分析作战任务概念和组成的基础上,利用八元组结构给出其形式化定义。抽象出作战任务中的三类关系:总体作战任务与具体作战任务间的实例化关系、作战任务与作战行动间纵向的层次结构关系、作战行动间横向的时序逻辑关系。依据作战任务的特点,提出了一种作战任务形式化描述的流程,采用IDEF3模型表示任务的执行过程。通过行为单元与仿真数据的集成,交汇点与仿真规则的映射,进一步讨论了模型的计算机实现问题。     

空中突击部队装备体系作战任务建模方法研究

空中突击部队是由多装备系统组成的装备体系,在执行任务过程中体现多阶段多任务的特点。基于DoDAF体系框架,结合美军空中突击部队装备体系作战任务展开研究。首先,通过作战任务的形式化描述,建立了装备体系作战任务的四元组描述模型;其次,在DoDAF体系框架下,提出建立空中突击部队装备体系作战任务的静态模型和动态模型;最后通过仿真方法对动态模型进行验证,证明了该模型的可信性。     

面向作战任务的作战系统冲突检测与消解研究

以作战任务为中心,动态集成作战系统是当前军事领域研究的新课题,从多个作战任务的时间冲突和作战系统状态能力有限性出发,研究作战系统在执行作战任务过程中存在冲突的问题,给出冲突规则的形式化描述,提出了冲突检测与消解的算法,最后通过实例对算法进行了验证。     

作战任务协同过程形式化表达方法

为实现联合作战条件下诸军兵种和各作战层级对作战任务的一致理解,更好组织和实施作战协同,从本体属性、相互间关系和所属行动3个方面对作战任务进行了形式化表达。基于形式化表达,提出了一种作战协同过程描述方法,该方法能够促进各级指挥员形成一致理解,有利于作战行动的组织实施。最后以美军伊拉克战争中的"5个同时攻击"为例,对作战任务协同过程形式化表达方法进行说明,验证了该方法的可行性和合理性。     

指挥信息体系作战需求鲁棒论证方法框架北大核心

传统的作战需求论证方法已经无法较好地处理指挥信息体系建设中的不确定性。首先给出作战需求的定义,构建了指挥信息体系作战需求形式化概念模型,并建立了多层次多视点的指挥信息体系作战需求描述框架。在此基础上,分析了指挥信息体系论证中的不确定性,定义了鲁棒性,构建了指挥信息体系作战需求鲁棒论证的过程。最后对涉及的关键问题,包括使命任务鲁棒分析、能力需求鲁棒探索、基于SOA的体系方案设计,以及方案鲁棒优化决策等进行了初步探析。     

作战任务高层本体描述及规划

针对未来信息化战争的特点,适应多军兵种联合作战要求,保障面向作战任务的作战系统动态集成(Operational Task Oriented Dynamic Meta-Synthesis of Operational System:以下简写为OTDMS)顺利实施,需要对作战任务进行统一的描述,达成各作战系统对作战任务的共同理解,首先对作战任务的概念进行了形式化描述,形成作战任务的高层本体,并在此基础上,最后对作战任务规划的过程进行了分析和描述.     

指挥信息体系作战需求鲁棒论证方法框架

传统的作战需求论证方法已经无法较好地处理指挥信息体系建设中的不确定性。首先给出作战需求的定义,构建了指挥信息体系作战需求形式化概念模型,并建立了多层次多视点的指挥信息体系作战需求描述框架。在此基础上,分析了指挥信息体系论证中的不确定性,定义了鲁棒性,构建了指挥信息体系作战需求鲁棒论证的过程。最后对涉及的关键问题,包括使命任务鲁棒分析、能力需求鲁棒探索、基于SOA的体系方案设计,以及方案鲁棒优化决策等进行了初步探析。     

多视图作战系统描述模型

从适应面向作战任务的作战系统动态集成需求出发,针对缺乏对现有作战系统描述模型的现状,借鉴Zachman框架和C4ISR体系结构框架理论和方法,给出了作战系统的形式化描述,提出了一种新的多视图作战系统描述模型,并对各个视图给出详细的描述,为实现以作战任务为中心对作战系统的分析、评估与选择奠定了基础,最后进行了总结.     

无人作战分队的不确定性作战任务建模

现代战争战场形势复杂多变,若忽略任务的不确定性带来的影响,则可能导致生成的作战任务在实际战场中无法准确执行,针对此问题,在结合IDEF0和IDEF3建模方法的基础上,考虑了任务的不确定性因素,加入了概率学的理论,依此建立了无人作战分队的不确定性任务模型。分析了任务之间的联系,给出了相应的图元映射表。对IDEF0和IDEF3的建模方法作了阐述。最后对一个无人作战分队攻占主要夺控点的不确定性作战任务进行了建模,验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于HTN作战计划生成技术中时序约束处理

针对以网络为中心的作战计划的特点,提出了基于层次任务网络的军事作战计划建模方法。在对层次任务网络形式化描述的基础上,结合简单时序网络和Allen区间代数对传统层次任务网络在时序约束方面进行扩展,介绍了扩展层次任务网络与简单时序网络的映射方法并给出计划求解算法。基于军事作战计划的抽象模型,提出了军事作战计划中军事规则、作战使命、作战能力和作战行动过程等要素与层次任务网络的映射关系。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.