导弹靶试命中精度鉴定方案新方法

针对导弹武器系统的命中精度战技指标,基于Bayes小子样估计理论,提出了综合贝叶斯理论和概率圆法确定导弹靶试命中精度鉴定的新方法,给出了此鉴定方案的具体计算公式和设计步骤,并进行了置信度分析,同时着重对使用方风险和生产方风险进行建模研究;最后通过仿真算例分析了导弹命中精度鉴定方案可行性。仿真算例表明,提出的评估方法简单有效,为导弹靶试命中精度鉴定方案选择提供一定的理论和实际应用价值。     

导弹打击三角形目标命中概率计算方法

对目标的命中概率计算问题是导弹火力运用中的基本问题,而复杂面目标可以分解成多个三角形目标。以数值积分法为基础,利用圆覆盖函数的计算方法,推导了导弹打击三角形目标命中概率的计算公式,提出了利用高斯-勒让德积分法进行积分计算的方法,并通过算例证明,该计算方法在命中概率问题的求解中具有更高的可靠性和精度。算法可应用于计算任意多边形目标的命中概率计算问题,具有一定的通用性。     

Fuzzy-AHP法在潜射巡航导弹命中概率分析中的应用

为准确评价潜射巡航导弹的命中概率,对影响命中概率的因素进行了具体分析,建立了潜射巡航导弹命中概率综合评价的指标体系.应用模糊综合评判及层次分析法,给出了综合评价的数学模型.对算例的仿真计算,得出了较为可信的结果.结果表明应用此方法,可以更准确的对潜射巡航导弹的命中概率进行评估,为潜射巡航导弹的研发及使用保障提供决策参考.     

子母弹射击精度的仿真研究

提出了子母弹命中目标的定义,研究了子母弹射击误差的组成与概率分布,建立了计算子母弹命中概率的两种仿真计算模型--直接模拟子母弹射击误差法和射击误差模拟与数值积分相结合的方法.给出了对圆形目标和矩形目标的具体计算方法,以及正态分布随机向量和均匀分布随机向量的产生方法,根据算例的结果,讨论了子弹重迭度对子母弹首发命中概率的影响.比较了两种不同仿真方法的计算结果.     

基于外弹道的高炮火控算法与仿真

为适应现代战争中目标速度与机动性的提高,增强高炮打击空中运动目标能力,需要充分发挥基于外弹道火控解算精度高的优点,并提高解算速度。通过整合外弹道实时解算和解命中迭代算法与初值选择,得到了一种完全基于外弹道解算的快速火控解算算法体系。经过仿真计算,并将仿真结果与射表数据对比,验证了外弹道实时解算的准确性。利用GDI+图形功能基于C#语言仿真分析了匀速与匀加速直线运动目标的解命中问题,验证了算法的可行性,为火控系统的研制提供了参考。     

子母弹首发命中概率

提出了子母弹命中目标的定义,研究了子母弹射击误差的组成、母弹误差和子弹误差的概率分布,射击误差的转换及转换条件,建立了子母弹首发命中概率模型并推导出4种不同条件下子母弹首发命中概率公式,并导出了首发命中概率所满足关系。以算例分析了子母弹的母弹误差、子母的散布误差及目标幅员对子母弹首发命中概率的影响,结论为子母弹射击精度战术技术指标的分析论证及子母弹的射击法则研究提供了基础。     

随机误差对舰炮火控系统设计精度要求

针对舰炮武器系统精度设计的需求,以某型舰炮为例,采用蒙特卡洛法,利用6自由度弹道模型解算数百条弹道,求出在特定的命中概率下,火控系统修正舰艇摇摆时产生的随机误差对目标高度、水平距离及舰炮射角、射向的影响,从而对火控系统设计精度提出要求.靶场实践证明应用此方法可以提高舰炮武器系统的命中概率.     

快速解命中的一种改进算法

基于对火控系统命中函数的考察,提出了一种将简单迭代法、改进迭代法和快速迭代法相结合的改进算法。仿真结果表明,该方法能明显提高解算精度,减小计算量,缩短迭代时间。     

潜艇纯方位解算质量评估方法研究

针对潜艇目标运动要素解算算法特点,依据武器使用效果探索要素解算质量评估方法。根据潜艇指控系统目标定位跟踪的战术技术指标和鱼雷武器的使用效果对目标运动要素的精度要求,采用统计模拟方法计算鱼雷命中(发现)目标概率以及对应的要素精度要求,并提出在线统计解算要素均方差的研究思路。给出了要素解算质量评估标准、评估依据的实现方法和表现形式。使用概率衡量使用效果,评估要素解算质量较为科学,容易为部队指挥员接受。     

基于仿真的舰炮命中解算评估技术

在真实环境下,较难实现舰炮系统对空中高速机动目标的命中评估.通过构建一种半实物仿真测试系统,仿真生成模拟战场环境和威胁目标航路,驱动舰炮系统模拟射击,实时采集弹道数据解算弹丸飞行轨迹,通过与理论目标数据融合进行命中判别.因此,分析了舰炮系统在不同典型目标环境、不同射击区段、不同命中目标部位的打击效果,可提供一种有效的途...     

Insurgency in Afghanistan: implications for Pakistan's internal and external security

In the aftermath of 9/11, the USA embarked on a massive global hunt for terrorists and launched its “Operation Enduring Freedom” in Afghanistan. Its failure to control insurgency in Afghanistan spilled over into Pakistan, with disastrous consequences. The resurgence of the Taliban with more formidable tactics and maneuvering skills has become more troublesome for both Afghanistan and Pakistan and for the USA and its allied forces. The fierce comeback of the insurgents has challenged the political and territorial integrity of Pakistan, one that it cannot tolerate. This article analyzes the current situation and its implications for Pakistan's security. Moreover, it looks into the internal and external security complexities that Pakistan faces and the possible implications of the US exit strategy for Pakistan's security. It concludes that the security situation in Pakistan is continuously deteriorating and no part of her territory is immune from terrorists' attacks. To be successful, Pakistan must pursue a broad-based strategy that encompasses military, political, social, economic and informational domains aimed at accomplishing four major objectives: (1) elimination of foreign terrorists and their facilitators; (2) strengthening of the political and administrative institutions in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA); (3) establishing a safe and secure environment conducive for sustained development and the realization of real socio-economic progress and (4) integrating the FATA into the national mainstream. In the long term, a strategy based on the concept of “Enlightened Moderation” is the right solution, not only to the internal problems of Pakistan but also for the Muslim world and the international community.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

A best practice for assessment in counterinsurgency

In September 2011, the Commander of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan directed the Afghan Assessment Group to redesign the way in which ISAF was assessing the status of the war, and to be ‘revolutionary’ in so doing. The resulting assessment paradigm was novel, non-doctrinal, and effectively addressed the unique complexities of the counterinsurgency in Afghanistan and the needs of the ISAF Commander. It had a two-tier structure consisting of both strategic and campaign assessments. The former focused on answering a set of strategic questions in narrative, analytic form to address the strategic environment, while the latter used a set of standards and accompanying narrative responses to gauge accomplishment of campaign tasks. Both tiers captured the current state of the war while maintaining an eye on future challenges and opportunities. The two assessments and their associated processes were designed to stimulate discussions leading directly to decisions by senior leaders on actions they could take, direct, or request. While any assessment paradigm will have advantages and disadvantages, an examination of the pros and cons of this assessment paradigm makes clear that it should be considered a ‘best practice’ in the field of counterinsurgency assessment.     

Pakistan’s response to US foreign policy towards South Asia 1977–1993

Relations between the USA and Pakistan have been tenuous since the 1947 partition of British India and the subsequent creation of the former. The 1979 Soviet intervention in Afghanistan focused the attention of the international community on South Asia. This article will examine the foreign policies of three successive US Presidential Administrations between 1977 and 1993, and how their decisions and corresponding actions were interpreted by the Pakistani government and its people. The key finding is the trend of the ebb and flow of US interest in Pakistan. The primary research conducted for this article shows that Pakistanis recognize this trend and consider it hypocritical of the US government. The current conditions in South Asia are ominously similar to those of 1992 with the drawdown of US and NATO troops from Afghanistan. Policy-makers would be wise to review the events of 1977–1993 so that the cycle is not repeated again.     

ARMS CONTROL CONTINUUMS

In July 2001, member states will gather in New York for the UN Conference on the Illicit Trade in Arms in All its Aspects. It represents part of the effort to establish controls on small arms and light weapons. This article argues that it is possible that nuclear and conventional arms control represent two ends of a continuum, with common goals and a common set of mechanisms and processes at work. A decade after the end of the Cold War, it is not surprising that the international community is working on mechanisms to deal with conventional arms. The existence of a continuum and connections between conventional and nuclear arms control is less evident. The two arms control communities appear to function in isolation of each other. The return to the debate on small arms and light weapons echoes post-World War I and II periods. The fact that small arms control is back on the agenda within the context of the UN may signify recognition that any kind of arms control serves the same purpose—preventing and mitigating the effects and duration of, and bringing an end to conflict.     

基于神经网络的柴油机特征参数评价与选择

在设备故障诊断中,正确地提取与选择特征参数对于诊断结果的有效性和准确性具有关键性的意义,在提出评价判据时样本的概率分布往往难以确定,针对模式识别中特征量的选择方法,结合人工神经网络原理,提出了利用人工神经网络进行故障特征量评价与选择的方法,实现了对柴油机特征参数的提取及选择,有效地解决了柴油机状态监测与故障诊断中测试参数多而难以优化的问题。     

Kinetic responses to global terrorism: Lessons from Africa

This essay recalls the immediate and longer-term responses of the US and its allies to the events of 9/11. It contends that the die for contemporary developments in transnational terrorism was cast in the immediate aftermath of 9/11 – in particular the launching of sustained ‘anti-terrorist’ military combat operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, and more covert ‘kinetic’ operations elsewhere in the Middle East and Africa. The essay seeks specifically to expose the counter-productivity of using military operations as the primary antidote to transnational terrorism. Focusing on the African ‘laboratory’ and the spread of transnational terrorism and Islamic militancy, particularly in West and East Africa, the essay concludes that radical Islamists have mastered the ‘battle of the narrative’ and that the Western penchant for dispensing a kinetic brand of medication is feeding rather than fighting the virus of global terrorism.     

数字化战场指挥控制系统的发展

简要介绍了数字化战场指挥控制系统的定义,并探讨了未来高科技战争对作战指挥控制所提出的新要求和产生的影响;重点介绍数字化战场指挥控制系统的描述方法及其采用的关键技术;最后着重论述国外数字化战场指挥控制系统的现状和发展趋势,特别是对未来数字化战场指挥控制系统发展的四个方向进行了重点阐述.     

欲去明日 问道昨天——走出中国式建筑的困境

中国式建筑的困境在于附加意识形态性的起源和前因后果的关系倒置.近现代建筑进入中国后,曾经保持着与世界的同步发展,直至20世纪50年代初.中国式建筑是伴随着中西古今之争而产生的命题,建筑被赋予了意识形态的内容.在全球化背景下,重新认识中国式建筑产生和发展的局限性,其实质在于混淆了现代化与西方化之区别,将现代化等同于西方化...