基于D-S证据理论的协作式频谱感知方法

频谱感知是认知无线电的关键技术,感知精度和速度直接影响到认知无线电网络的整体性能。由于单台感知的性能受环境影响严重,协作式频谱感知被广泛使用。为提高协作式频谱感知性能,采用可变策略的Dempster-Shafer证据理论对两种感知方法产生的信息进行融合:一种是能量检测法,该方法速度快但准确度不高;另一种是周期平稳信号检测法,准确度高但周期长。通过融合实验结果表明,同单独一种检测方法相比,基于Dempster-Shafer证据理论的认知网络,其感知能力明显提高,系统的容错性和敏捷度也有增强。     

基于分布式天线的认知无线电系统感知算法和信道容量分析

认知无线电概念的提出为频谱的共享提供了可能。文中提出一种基于分布式天线的认知无线电系统实现方法,该方法便于频谱的感知,能降低对首要用户的干扰,并且相对于中心式天线能为次要认知无线电用户的下行链路提供较大的信道容量增益。     

第3讲 认知对抗中的频谱切换时间估计研究

认知无线电信号由于具有感知和重构能力,在信息战中的地位越来越重要。要对认知无线电信号进行高效灵巧地干扰,需要得到的关键参数之一是频谱切换时间。当主用户回归或者认知信号遭受较强干扰时,认知用户则需要切换到其他空闲信道上以便继续进行通信。文中首先提出认知用户频谱切换时间估计的基本方案,分为粗检测(宽带频谱侦测)和细检测(针对指定信道的时频分析)两大步骤;然后针对各个步骤分别提出相应的检测算法。仿真结果表明,该方法能较准确地估计出频谱切换时间,而且参数可控性强,便于集成和实现。     

基于CAM的认知超宽带频谱感知方法

频谱感知是认知超宽带系统的核心部分,针对超宽带频带内授权信号类型确定的特点,为了弥补自相关检测不能够识别信号类型的缺点,提出利用信号的循环谱特征和自相关矩阵差异性来检测授权信号,该方法融合了自相关检测和循环谱检测的优点进行合作判决。仿真表明该方法在高低信噪比环境下均能比循环谱检测和能量检测得到更好地检测效果,因此适合于认知超宽带系统。     

一种认知无线电中模仿授权用户诱骗攻击的检测方法

认知无线电中模仿授权用户（PrimaryuserEmulation,PUE）诱骗攻击是近年来研究的热点问题。攻击者通过模仿授权用户的信号特征来干扰认知用户使用频谱,造成认知用户可用频谱资源的大量减少。本文提出了一种单点PUE攻击的检测方案。通过小波变换提取发射机发送信道特征来判断用户身份,仿真实验表明该方法可以有效检测PuE攻击。     

一种改进的分数低阶矩协作频谱感知算法

为了提高脉冲噪声下基于分数低阶矩频谱感知算法性能,提出了一种改进算法。针对中值滤波能有效抑制脉冲噪声的特点,该方法先对接收信号进行中值滤波,再进行分数低阶矩频谱感知。仿真分析了在不同广义信噪比、特征指数以及协作用户对感知性能的影响,并与能量检测和分数低阶矩频谱感知方法对比。仿真结果表明,改进的分数低阶矩方法在脉冲噪声下感知性能明显优于能量检测和分数低阶矩检测。并且对不同调制信号均具有良好的适用性。     

认知无线电专题讲座(四) 第7讲 协同频谱检测技术

认知无线电能够智能地感知频谱并在授权用户没有使用的时候伺机(opportunistic)利用其频段,从而提高频谱的利用率。频谱检测是认知无线电系统需要首先解决的问题。协同检测可以更有效地利用整个网络的资源,获得高的分集增益,使网络性能更稳定。文中简述了协同检测的基本原理,并对协同频谱检测技术进行了讨论。仿真结果表明协同可以提高检测概率、提供捷变增益(agility gain),对频谱利用率的提高有很大的贡献。     

频谱感知技术在认知无线电中的应用

频谱感知是认知无线电的关键技术,能量检测广泛应用于频谱感知。针对认知无线电频谱感知技术较少运用于实践的不足,提出了基于0FDM传输系统的频谱感知。在0FDM系统中利用能量检测的判决结果控制子载波的开关,实现感知结果对数据传输的控制,最后利用认知无线电平台进行实时数据的传输。实验结果表明,系统能够在认知无线电平台上成功进行无线通信的数据发送与接收,频谱感知结果能够有效控制数据传输,为认知无线电由理论研究步向实际应用奠定了基础,具有一定的实用价值。     

基于分形滤波的能量检测方法

能量检测是认知无线电频谱感知的有效方法,但在低信噪比情况下检测概率明显下降。提出了基于分形滤波的频谱感知能量检测方法。基于分形滤波可以有效抑制噪声的特点,该方法先对接收信号进行分形滤波,以其能量值作为检测统计量,进行能量检测。仿真结果表明,通过基于分形滤波的能量检测和直接进行能量检测方法对比,滤波后信噪比在下降7 d B时仍然满足90%以上的检测概率。此外,该方法对不同调制信号均具有较好的适用性,在噪声不确定情况下仍然具有较高的检测概率。     

基于分形相关盒维数的分步合作频谱感知方法

提出一种基于分形相关盒维数的分步合作频谱感知方法,通过对信号进行自相关运算,然后求取其盒维数值,利用恒虚警检测得到判决门限进行判决,在所有认知用户中随机选择参与运算的认知用户,并反馈有益信息。仿真结果表明,该方法在保证检测准确率的同时,降低了认知系统合作频谱感知所带来的额外开销和频谱检测时长,减轻合作控制中心的负荷,整体上提高了认知系统的检测性能。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.