天降神兵“阿尔法”——俄罗斯解决劫持人质事件始末

7月31日,俄罗斯南部斯塔夫罗波尔市发生一起恶性劫持人质案:当天清晨,一名手持自动步枪的恐怖分子劫持了从涅温诺梅斯克开往斯塔夫罗波尔的一辆公共汽车,把车上的司机和34名乘客扣为人质。匪徒强迫司机把车开到矿水城机场后,要求俄政府释放1994年因在此劫持公共汽车而被捕的5名罪犯。俄罗斯政府立即派精锐的“阿尔法”反恐怖部队赶赴矿水城机场,准备解救被劫持的人质。 公共汽车遭到劫持 7月31日早8时刚过,俄塔斯社网站突然用大写字体打出一条惊人消息:“紧急！35人在俄罗斯南部一辆公共汽车上被扣为人质！”这条消息很快便传遍了全世界,也立     

俄“阿尔法”部队为何难比往昔

在9月3日北奥塞梯人质危机的解救过程中,俄罗斯特种部队"阿尔法"(Alpha)由于准备不充分、出击时机不果断,进而酿成了394名人质死亡的严重后果。 公正地说,对付挟持人质的恐怖事件中,世界上根本就没有所谓万无一失的完美模式。即使是堪称典范的1997年4月22日日本驻秘鲁大使馆的人质解救事件,也由于前后僵持时间过长而遭到多方责难。与以往恐怖劫持人质     

OPCW推动控暴剂与失能剂问题的解决

控暴剂和失能剂长期以来在《禁止化学武器公约》（《公约》）履约过程中始终存在诸多问题。尤其是美国、俄罗斯等国家一直打着“执法”和“非致死性武器＂的旗号在秘密从事失能剂的研究和发展。2002年10月莫斯科人质事件中俄罗斯特种部队利用施放芬太尼类失能剂成功解救被车臣武装分子劫持的人质后，     

俄罗斯不再妥协——1995年以来俄罗斯与车臣恐怖分子的3次较量

2002年10月23～26日,在世界反恐进行得如火如荼之际,俄罗斯首府莫斯科一家轴承厂的文化宫,约750人遭到车臣恐怖分子的劫持。事件发生后,举世哗然。俄总统普京随即取消了一切外事活动。俄安全部队紧急出动,并于3天后的凌晨发动突袭,解救出大部分人质。其实作为当今世界上最凶残的武装恐怖集团之一,车臣恐怖分子与俄罗斯的较量这可不是第一次,就较大规模的而言,在过去的7年中,已有过3次。     

对菲律宾8·23劫持游客事件的反思——兼论中国警方解救人质的战术策略

现阶段犯罪研究表明,劫持人质事件明显上升。在日益多发的恐怖性劫持人质事件中,往往涉及复杂的政治、民族、宗教等多方面原因和不同的价值取向。犯罪分子企图以人质为要挟而达到其特定目的,这不仅威胁公民的生命安全,而且还严重扰乱了社会秩序。因此,解救人质就成为公安机关当前和今后一个时期所面临的亟待解决的重大问题。     

河北省石家庄市桥东区人武部检验民兵整组质量 树起实战化“风向标”

6月8日10时30分,河北省石家庄市桥东区人武部作战值班室电话骤然响起：“南三条批发市场发生‘恐怖袭击’事件,3名‘恐怖分子’挟持1名人质,请速派民兵应急分队增援!”情况紧急,战鼓催征,解救被劫持人质,刻不容缓。     

2004年9月大事要览

国际风云1日胡锦涛在人民大会堂与菲律宾总统阿罗约举行会谈。国际社会谴责发生在以色列贝尔谢巴市的自杀性爆炸事件。2日就俄罗斯发生恐怖爆炸和劫持人质事件,胡锦涛致电普京总统, 对遇难者表示深切哀悼,向受害者及其亲属表示诚挚慰问。3日胡锦涛会见出席第三届亚洲政党国际会议来宾和代表并举行欢迎宴会。俄罗斯特种部队采取行动解救在北奥塞梯共和国别斯兰市第一中学被武装分子劫持的人质。5日俄罗斯军警在别斯兰市消灭30名恐怖分子。6日俄罗斯举国悼念人质事件中的死难者,这起人质事件共造成334人死亡。     

解救人质——反恐的重大课题

2007年7月19日,塔利班绑架了23名韩国人质。塔利班要求释放关押在阿富汗监狱中的所有塔利班成员,并要求韩国军队撤出阿富汗。至今已有2名韩国人质被塔利班杀死,而其余人质仍在塔利班手中,韩国人质如何解决,日益受到世人瞩目。美国"9·11"事件以来,世界各地不断发生绑架人质事件。此次韩国人质事件是近年来发生的最为严重的人质绑架事件。绑架人质已成为恐怖分子的一张王牌,而如何防止人员被绑架,如可安全解救人质,已成为反恐的重大难题。绑架人质不断发生,说明反恐形势十分严峻,许多问题发人深省。     

俄罗斯9毫米特种突击武器

当前,普通老百姓对于反恐部队在世界范围内解救人质、逮捕武装犯罪分子、打击黑手党等特种作战行动,已经司空见惯。反恐部队的精英们,如俄罗斯的“阿尔法”、美国的“三角洲”、德国的GSG边防部队等,都时刻准备着应对武装犯罪行为。但这些特种部队要在特殊的环境战胜特殊的敌人,除了专门的身体和心理训练以外,还需要适应特种作战或反恐作战行动的武器和装备。世界上的国家安全部门都为其特种部队装备了先进的武器,而俄罗斯特种部队和执法部门装备的9毫米特种枪械,可说是优中选优的佼佼者。     

演兵伊犁河谷——武警8660部队参加上海合作组织成员国“联合-2003”反恐演习掠影

城镇清剿、解救人质、设卡堵截、围歼“恐怖分子”……8月12日,天山深处的伊犁河谷,上海合作组织成员国武装力量代号为“联合-2003”的演习在此拉开帷     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.