防空导弹反弹道导弹跟踪制导规律研究和弹道仿真

利用基准优化弹道参数和滑模控制思想,构造滑动面,提出了一种新的弹道跟踪制导规律。给出了详细的推导过程,并且对所构造李雅普诺夫函数进行了稳定性证明,还进行了弹道跟踪制导数字仿真,提供了仿真弹道数据和有关弹道参数曲线。结果表明,提出的弹道跟踪制导规律是有效的,可用的。     

拦截弹中制导最优弹道簇生成

针对临近空间高超声速目标飞行速度快,跟踪预测难的特点,提出在中制导阶段进行最优弹道设计与弹道簇生成用于对目标预测命中区域进行有效覆盖的方法。通过分析临近空间高超声速目标对现有防空体系带来的挑战,阐明了在中制导段进行弹道簇设计与生成的必要性;将中制导段的弹道规划问题视为求解满足多种约束条件下的最优控制问题,应用最优化理论方法得到了基准的最优弹道;应用邻域最优控制理论,针对终端约束条件进行调整,设计了邻域最优弹道簇的生成算法。仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于邻域最优控制理论的中制导弹道簇生成

针对临近空间高超声速目标飞行速度快,跟踪预测难的特点,提出了在中制导阶段进行最优弹道设计与弹道簇生成用于对目标预测命中区域进行有效覆盖的方法。首先,通过分析临近空间高超声速目标对现有防空体系带来的挑战,阐明了在中制导段进行弹道簇设计与生成的必要性,其次,将中制导段的弹道规划问题视为求解满足多种约束条件下的最优控制问题,应用最优化理论方法得到了基准的最优弹道,再次,应用邻域最优控制理论,针对终端约束条件进行调整,设计了邻域最优弹道簇的生成算法。最后,通过仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于虚拟目标的反舰导弹的最优制导律研究

为了对抗敌方预警系统的跟踪、预测以及远程防空导弹的拦截,反舰导弹的飞行弹道应采用大空域变轨弹道。将弹目相对运动分解为俯仰和航向两个平面内的运动,考虑了制导过程中能量消耗最小以及末端角度要求,分别设计了两个平面内的最优制导律。利用该制导律可以引导反舰导弹向大空域内任何虚拟目标进行变轨机动,从而实现了各种各样的大空域变轨弹道。只要虚拟目标参数设置合适,反舰导弹的各项性能指标均能满足要求。弹道仿真表明了所设计的最优制导律的有效性。     

基于反馈线性化的制导炮弹弹道控制系统设计

为提高制导炮弹的控制性能,研究了一种非线性弹道控制系统设计方法。建立了弹道控制系统模型,针对该模型的非线性、耦合和不确定性问题,利用反馈线性化方法将复杂的非线性系统进行解耦,结合滑模控制原理给出了一种非线性鲁棒控制器设计方法,并应用于制导炮弹的弹道跟踪控制器设计。制导炮弹六自由度仿真表明:该模型和控制器设计方法是可行的,能有效地控制制导炮弹按预期弹道飞行,具有良好的动态跟踪性能,并对气动参数摄动表现出鲁棒性,有利于提高制导炮弹的大空域作战能力。     

弹道滤波算法研究

为导引我方发射的制导炮弹等目标,需要在炮瞄雷达跟踪炮弹的基础上准确估计炮弹目标的位置、速度等状态信息。鉴于直接对测量的弹道轨迹建立常规运动模型滤波效果较差,提出了两种方法。一种基于弹道偏差滤波的方法,另一种是基于弹道方程滤波方法。仿真计算比较结果表明文中建立的弹道滤波算法对弹道类目标的滤波精度和反应时间上有大幅度提高。     

激光末制导炮弹高原弹道特性研究

对某型末制导炮弹在高原工作模式条件下的弹道特性进行了仿真分析,选取不同的射角、程装、激光开机时间等射表基本诸元组合,进行了大量的仿真计算,分析比对了高原条件下不同基本诸元组合对名义弹道和捕获域影响的规律及特点.这些高原弹道规律的发现不仅对该型末制导炮弹的射表编拟工作具有重要的参考作用,而且完善了末制导炮弹的弹道理论体系.     

反导拦截弹主动段神经网络中制导律研究

针对远程反导拦截的需求,提出了一种主动段神经网络中制导律.仿真研究表明,所提出的神经网络中制导律能近似跟踪优化弹道,对弹道倾角扰动、速度干扰和预测命中点变化具有较强的鲁棒性.     

航空时敏制导炸弹增程弹道组合优化设计

为增强航空时敏制导炸弹在中制导段的滑翔能力,将极小值原理与自适应进化粒子群算法相结合,提出了一种适用于航空时敏制导炸弹增程弹道的组合优化设计方法。基于纵向平面内质心运动模型,推导了性能指标泛函及各不等式约束函数。引入Lagrange乘子矢量并建立相应的Hamilton函数实现无约束泛函极值问题的转换,推导出兼顾各优化目标函数的满意优化模型。利用自适应进化粒子群算法对该段增程弹道进行了攻角与弹翼张合档位双设计变量的组合优化。数值仿真算例表明,在满足状态方程约束的条件下,双变量的增程效果比常规单变量控制时显著提高,其优化结果可为制导炸弹弹道规划设计的研究提供一定的理论参考。     

基于复合制导的简易航弹制导控制系统设计

针对简易航弹原有方案弹道导引方法的不足,提出一种新的复合制导总体方案,设计了基于虚拟导引的制导控制系统。首先比较了复合制导控制与原有方案弹道方法,随后设计了基于扩张状态观测器的鲁棒制导律,并进一步利用参数空间法设计俯仰回路的飞行控制律,最后进行了制导控制系统六自由度数字仿真。理论分析与仿真研究表明了设计的合理性及复合制导的优越性。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.