多重分形海杂波建模新方法

为了建立具有多重分形特性的海杂波模型,提出了基于分数布朗运动模型和多重分形理论的海杂波建模新方法。该方法通过对分数布朗运动进行随机时间抽样,产生近似多重分形的随机过程,用以模拟海杂波时间序列。Matlab仿真结果表明:模型产生的时间序列可以有效地模拟海杂波的多重分形特性。     

基于分形几何的信号特征提取技术及其应用研究

针对分形客观展现事物原貌的特点 ,从工程应用的角度分别对信号的分形性验证、有效分析区间的确定、分形性描述和刻画、设备状态的趋势分析等方面作了探讨 ,形成了基于分形几何的信号特征提取技术 ,并描绘出基于分形几何的设备故障诊断模式     

基于分形理论的微地形的重建

对自然地表分形特征进行了分析和总结,并结合微地形所具有的自然特性,提出了具有方向性分形特征的中点随机位移法。实验结果表明该方法能较好地反映原始数据的总体轮廓,而且还能较好地再现原始微地形的粗糙起伏及各向异性,因而是一种可行的构造三维地形的插值方法。     

具有随机分形自适应搜索策略的蚁狮优化算法

针对蚁狮算法在平衡开发能力与探索能力不足的缺点,提出了具体有随机分形自适应搜索策略的改进算法。在该策略中,蚂蚁利用随机分形搜索方程提高算法的探索能力;蚁狮利用自适应搜索方程在最优位置进行精细搜索,以提高算法的开发能力。对3个单峰、3个多峰标准测试函数进行寻优,仿真结果表明,相比于其他算法,所提出的改进算法很好地平衡了自身的开发能力和探索能力,显著提高了全局优化能力和收敛速率。     

雷达目标回波信号的混沌、多重分形分析与识别

本文旨在将混沌、多重分形的理论和方法引入雷达信号处理，从混沌、分形动力学角度来揭示和刻划复杂目标散射机理，为进行有效信号处理和可靠目标识别寻找新的理论和技术实现方法。文中统计了五种飞机目标回波信号的Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ指数分布情况，并计算了其多重分形维数，然后在此基础上，进行了目标识别的实验，获得了较高识别率。本文的研究表明，混沌、多重分形理论在目标特性及识别的研究中具有良好的应用前景。     

分数布朗运动模型的人造目标检测

对光电目标进行自动检测与识别是导弹末端智能制导的一项关键技术,分形理论的出现为解决这个问题提供了新的技术途径.分形维计算的稳定性问题制约着其在实际工程中的应用.基于图像分形维计算的分数布朗运动模型法,提出了一种能够从自然背景中检测出人造目标的方法.实验证明,对于光电目标检测,给出方法的检测结果稳定,是一种非常有前途的方法.     

基于B-样条分形插值的垂直尺度因子的计算方法

将线性分形插值推广到B-样条上,可避免线性分形插值局限性,进一步扩大分形理论的应用范围。分形插值应用的关键问题,是如何合理地确定垂直尺度因子di的值,而它的计算却没有一种很有效的方法。通过解析方法,获得了均匀B-样条分形插值“S”点的代数解,从而,可准确计算出垂直尺度因子,解决了影响B-样条分形插值应用的难题。     

基于2分随机乘法模型的多重分形海杂波建模研究

为准确建立海杂波模型,将乘法模型与多重分形相结合引入到高分辨率海杂波建模研究中,提出了一种基于2分随机乘法模型的多重分形海杂波建模方法,理论上分析了模型的多重分形特性,并从实测海杂波数据中提取了倍乘因子的分布特性,提出了基于Beta分布的倍乘因子构建方法,仿真得到了海杂波数据。通过对瑞利分布、韦布尔分布和对数正态分布的比较分析以及K-S的统计检验,验证了2分随机乘法模型的合理性,这为高分辨率雷达的海杂波建模研究及其背景下的目标检测研究奠定了理论基础。     

光学表面的分形特点与模拟表征算法

根据光学表面在微观结构呈现出的自相似性,利用尺度无关的分形模型描述了其结构特征;采用结构函数法对抛光表面的分形维数进行计算,分析了粗糙度参数RMS值、误差波长、测量尺度、采样长度和采样点数对分形维数的影响规律。在此基础上,提出了采用一阶自回归分形模型对抛光表面进行模拟的新方法,分析了界定尺度、模型参数对分形特征和分形维数的影响规律。利用分形维数描述光学表面的微观结构具有评价方法简单、在一定范围内与测量尺度无关等优点。     

基于道路仿真的车体姿态模拟

把地形看成层次性随机统计过程 ,将扩展的随机 -相关法与分形自适应法相结合 ,生成符合一定条件的地形数据 ,模拟车体的运动。由地形数据和车体所处位置确定车体姿态数据 ,以此驱动摇摆实验台转动 ,就模拟了车体姿态的实际变化。为行进间火控问题的研究提供了一个完善的车体运动模拟环境     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.