铁粉焊条熔化过程中基本参数研究

通过试验研究了焊条直径和铁粉加入量对焊条熔化参数的影响.试验结果表明,焊条直径增加,焊条药皮重量系数、熔敷效率增加,熔化速度和熔敷速度降低;熔敷金属中合金元素Mn、Si含量增加,但Mn、Si的过渡系数减小.当增加药皮中铁粉加入量,药皮重量系数、熔敷效率和熔敷速度增加,熔化速度降低,由于铁粉的稀释作用使熔敷金属中合金元素Mn、Si含量及过渡系数降低.     

碱性焊条 Al 和V对焊缝金属扩散氢的影响

通过实验和理论分析,研究了Ａｌ、Ｖ加入碱性焊条药皮对其吸湿性和焊缝金属扩散氢ＨＤ的影响．结果表明：Ａｌ、Ｖ对焊条药皮吸湿性均无影响,Ｖ能一定程度降低而Ａｌ却提高ＨＤ．     

焊条粘结剂及烘焙温度对药皮吸潮性的影响

通过试验研究了改进水玻璃及焊条烘焙温度对焊条药皮吸潮行为的影响.结果表明,在水玻璃中加入防水剂和/或丙烯酸甲酯,以及水玻璃低碱化处理均能明显提高焊条药皮的耐吸潮性;对于不同类型的水玻璃,通过选择适当的烘焙温度可有效地防止药皮吸潮.     

碱性焊条药皮处理条件对焊缝金属扩散氢影响的研究

对降低手工焊条熔敷金属扩散氢的研究多是从原材料及冶金方面考虑的,在工艺上则统一要求焊条烘干后立即使用.这样,焊条从出厂到被使用过程中总会被烘干2～3次,这种重复烘干对扩散氢的影响尚未有人探讨过.针对这种情况,研究了碱性焊条在不同药皮处理条件(主要是烘干次数不同)下焊缝金属中的扩散氢.试验结果及分析表明,经重复烘干─吸潮─烘干处理后,焊条药皮中吸水性强的Na+吸水行为受到限制,从而熔敷金属中的扩散氢显著降低.     

火药复合焊条焊接接头的微观组织及性能

为提高战场装备的应急抢修能力,以火药和2Al/3CuO系高热剂为焊接热源,开发了一种新型的便携式焊接材料——火药复合焊条,对其焊缝的组织形貌及性能进行研究.试验结果表明,火药复合焊条的焊接属于熔化焊,焊缝与基体之间存在明显的过渡区,焊缝成形良好,焊缝的抗拉强度大于400MPa,高于母材本身强度,能够满足战场应急抢修能力的需要.     

燃烧型焊条焊接A3钢的研究

基于燃烧合成技术的燃烧机理,结合焊接母材的材质,制备可用于手工施焊的燃烧型焊条焊接A3钢。对焊接试件进行力学性能测试和金相分析,结果表明:焊接试件的结合方式为冶金结合,焊缝合金在细晶强化和弥散强化的作用下,试件的抗拉强度(σb)达到370 MPa,抗弯强度(σf)达到1 100 MPa,成功实现了燃烧型焊条对A3钢的焊接。     

药皮焊条焊缝脱硫的研究

通过理论分析及实验,探讨了手工电弧焊焊条药皮中添加金属镁粉的脱硫效果。研究表明：金属镁粉对焊缝金属的脱硫是有较明显效果的。     

烟火药剂在新型焊接技术中的应用

介绍了烟火药焊接技术的发展,设计了一种在新型焊接技术中使用的高能烟火点火药剂配方,并对其点火效率和燃烧性能进行了实验研究,研究结果表明,新配方高能点火药的点火效率远远高于黑火药,保证了以高热剂为主要能源的新型燃烧型焊条的可靠快速引燃。     

焊接工艺对熔敷金属韧性的影响

探讨了改变焊接工艺对焊条熔敷金属冲击韧性的影响．研究表明：改变焊接工艺,将通过改变熔敷金属的化学成分,影响熔敷金属的强度和韧性;降低焊接线能量时,将降低熔敷金属中的氧含量及其氧化夹杂物的数量和大小,从而提高熔敷金属的韧性     

焊条药皮组成对焊接过程中硫、磷分配的影响

通过实验和理论分析,研究了焊条药皮组成对硫、磷在熔渣—铁水间的分配(L_s,L_p)及溶敷金属中脱硫、磷的影响。结果表明:在药皮中适当增加CaCO_3及降低SiO_2有利于熔敷金属中的脱硫脱磷;而增加MgO对脱硫的作用不明显,却有利于脱磷;增加CaF_2有利于脱硫,对脱磷的作用影响不大。     

ITO及WO3在电解液中的交流阻抗特性

采用表面过程法拉第阻纳表达式方法与等效电路方法,研究透明ITO平面电极及带WO3薄膜层的ITO平面电极处于1 mol LiClO4丙烯碳酸酯电解液中的电化学阻抗谱.分析显示WO3薄膜层有效地阻止了表面吸附参量对ITO电极反应的影响,使电极反应仅受电极电位的影响,并且随WO3薄膜在电解液中浸泡时间的增加,WO3薄膜的常相位角元件的特性最终回归为电容效应.     

海洋低频电场传感器敏感电极材料的选择

选择了9种不同的电极材料,根据海洋环境下低频、极低频电场的自身特点,通过直流电阻、交流阻抗、电极对极差漂移3个方面对电极性能进行了测试,研究了其用于海洋环境低频电场弱信号探测的可行性,筛选出了适合海洋环境低频电场测量的电极材料,并从理论上进行了解释.结果表明,固态Ag/AgCl电极的直流电阻和交流阻抗均较小,且其极差漂移可控制在μV级,具有优良的极化效应和较低的极差漂移,是海洋环境低频电场探测的敏感电极材料.     

掺镍氧化钨钼薄膜的阻抗特性

用溶胶凝胶的方法在ITO导电基片上制备了一组不同掺镍量的氧化钨钼薄膜,分别测量了该系统及ITO电极浸泡于1 mol氯化钠溶液中不同频率下的电化学阻抗,应用等效电路法模拟了该系统的阻抗谱,从而获得了有关掺镍薄膜的电阻、电容及溶液在薄膜内扩散等信息.研究表明,与ITO电极所产生的吸附层的等效元件参数相比较,掺镍氧化钨钼薄膜大大提高了ITO电极传输电荷的能力.     

Research on fuze microswitch based on corona discharge effect

Abnormal voltages such as electrostatic, constant current, and strong electromagnetic signals can erro-neously trigger operation of MEMS pyrotechnics and control systems in a fuze, which may result in casualties. This study designs a solid-state micro-scale switch by combining the corona gas discharge theory of asymmetric electric fields and Peek's Law. The MEMS switch can be transferred from "off" to"on" through the gas breakdown between the corona electrodes. In the model, one of the two electrodes is spherical and the other flat, so a non-uniform electric field is formed around the electrodes. The theoretical work is as follows. First, the relation among the radius of curvature of the spherical electrode, the discharge gap, and the air breakdown voltage is obtained; to meet the low voltage (30-60 V) required to drive the MEMS switch, the radius of curvature of the spherical electrode needs to be 10-50 μm and the discharge gap between the two electrodes needs to be 9-11 μm. Second, the optimal ratio ε is introduced to parameterize the model. Finally, the corona discharge structural parameters are determined by comparing the theoretical and electric field simulation results. The switch is then fabricated via MEMS processing. A hardware test platform is built and the performing chip tested. It is found that when the electrode gap is 9 μm, the electrostatic voltage is at least 37.3 V, with an error of 2.6% between the actual and theoretical air breakdown voltages. When the electrode gap is 11 μm, the electrostatic voltage is at least 42.3 V, with an error of 10.5% between the actual and theoretical air breakdown voltages. Both cases meet the design requirements.     

极板构型对脉冲等离子体推力器性能影响

极板是脉冲等离子体推力器(PPT)的关键部件之一,极板构型对PPT性能有重要影响。分析表明:保持极板其他参数不变,增大极板张角或减少极板末端宽度都会提高推力器效率的理论上限。以理论分析为指导,分别对采用矩形、梯形和舌形三种形状极板的0°、28°、54°和74°张角共12套极板的PPT性能进行了实验研究,结果表明:对于不同形状的极板,极板张角对PPT性能的影响呈现出不同的规律;元冲量和单脉冲烧蚀质量随极板张角的变化规律基本相同;比冲随极板张角的增大先减小后增大,存在一个转折张角,对于不同形状的极板,其转折张角不同;在不同的极板张角下,极板形状对推力器效率具有不同的影响规律。     

束流位置探测器的一种标定方法及误差分析

加速器运行时,须通过分析处理束流位置探测器拾取的信号,监测束流相对于管道中心的位置．文中介绍了一种对四电极型束流探测器的标定方法,并对误差进行了分析．     

轴对称静电场不等距多重网格法的研究

研究了不等距多重网格法,可用于区域形状任意和有内电极的实际电子光学系统轴对称电场的计算,特别是对于求解区域大、部分区域电场精度要求高的场合,较好地解决了计算精度与划分网格点数之间的矛盾,可广泛应用于分析设计静电聚焦像管的电子光学系统,以及摄像管电子枪的发射系统等.     

Cu粉粒径及含量对Ni/MH电池负极放电性能的影响

为了提高Ni/MH电池中储氢电极的放电性能,以电解Cu粉为充填材料与活性物质混合制备电极,研究Cu粉粒径及含量对电极性能的影响。研究发现,Cu粉粒径越小,含量越高,电极的放电容量、高倍率放电性能、及在低温和高温下的放电能力均提高,且Cu充填电极的性能优于Ni充填电极。Cu充填电极中析氢反应的交换电流密度较大,过电势较小,说明其电催化活性好,电极反应阻力小。SEM分析发现,充放电循环后的Cu充填电极,其储氢合金颗粒表面覆盖着一层细小Cu颗粒和丝状物,这是电极性能提高的主要原因。     

A reusable planar triggered spark-gap switch batched-fabricated with PCB technology for medium-and low-voltage pulse power systems

Triggered spark-gap switch is a popular discharge switch for pulse power systems. Previous studies have focused on planarizing this switch using thin film techniques in order to meet the requirements of compact size in the systems. Such switches are one-shot due to electrodes being too thin to sufficiently resist spark-erosion. Additionally, these switches did not employ any structures in securing internal gas composition, resulting in inconsistent performance under harsh atmospheres. In this work, a novel planar triggered spark-gap switch (PTS) with a hermetically sealed cavity was batched-prepared with printed circuit board (PCB) technology, to achieve reusability with low cost. The proposed PTS was inspected by micro-computed tomography to ensure PCB techniques meet the requirements of machining precision. The results from electrical experiments demonstrated that PCB PTS were consistent and reusable with lifespan over 20 times. The calculated switch voltage and circuit current were consistent with those derived from real-world measurements. Finally, PCB PTS was used to introduce hexanitrostilbene (HNS) pellets in a pulse power system to verify its performance.     

A new look on the electric spark sensitivity of nitramines

Electric spark energy, E_ES, for a 50% probability of initiation of the 14 nitramines was determined using a measuring instrument in which the electrodes are in direct contact with the sample. Indirectly proportional relationships were established between the logarithm of the E_ES values and the length of the longest N–N bond in the nitramine molecule. This finding is compatible with the mechanism of the first step in the electro-reduction of the nitramine grouping. Directly proportional relationships were found to exist between the E_ES values and the crystal lattice free volumes, ΔV (i.e. an increase in the ΔV values increases the nitramine's resistance to electric sparks) but there were several nitramines with the opposite course of this relationship. Also a semilogarithic relationships between the E_ES values and a ratio of intrinsic volumes of molecule, V_int, to the ΔV values were described as well as ambiguous linear dependence between these energies and a sum of the positive and negative extremes of the molecular surface electrostatic potentials, V_S,Σ. Several nitramines studied (always the same ones) display roughly the same distribution in the coordinate systems of relationships with lengths of the longest N–N bonds, the V_int/ΔV ratio and the sum V_S,Σ as the independent variables. It was found that, typically, such relationships start from a single identical point, in effect a point corresponding to data for a structural unit from which the studied nitramines can be hypothetically generated, and/or are converging on another point, often the one corresponding to the data for HNIW. All the findings point to a fundamental influence of the intermolecular forces on reactivity of nitramines exposed to electric sparks.