活性屏离子渗硫层在40#油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能

应用活性屏离子渗硫技术,在CrMoCu合金铸铁表面制备出以FeS相为主的渗硫层。实验表明,在40#油润滑条件下,活性屏离子渗硫表面的摩擦因数比未渗表面大约降低了13%,与渗硫表面相近;体积磨损量比未渗表面减少了30%左右,与渗硫表面相似。由于活性屏离子渗硫层的主要成分为密排六方晶体结构的FeS,且其结构疏松多孔易于储存润滑油,因此具有良好的减摩、耐磨性能。     

超声作用下摩擦频率及载荷对GCr15/45钢摩擦副摩擦学性能的影响

在有和无超声振动条件下,分别考察了不同摩擦频率、摩擦载荷对GCr15/45钢摩擦副的减摩抗磨性能影响,初步探讨了油润滑条件下的超声润滑机理.结果表明:超声振动可以改善GCr15/45钢摩擦副的减摩抗磨性能,并使45钢表面磨痕变窄、磨痕深度降低、表面犁沟数量减少、磨粒磨损程度减轻.超声振动没有改变摩擦副间的磨损机理,但通过减少45钢表面所承受的正压力和有效阻止磨屑的二次磨粒磨损,改善了摩擦副间的摩擦磨损.     

渗硫层对网格化激光淬火表面摩擦磨损性能的影响

利用低温离子渗硫技术在CrMoCu合金铸铁网格化激光淬火表面制备了渗硫层,分析了其形貌组成与结构,考察了渗硫激光复合表面的摩擦学性能。结果表明:渗硫层表面疏松多孔,在淬火区域硫化物颗粒细小,结构致密,其相组成主要为FeS;在干摩擦条件下,渗硫层能降低网格化激光淬火表面的摩擦因数,提高其耐磨性能,其主要原因是硫化物及摩擦化学反应生成的氧化物能在摩擦表面形成边界润滑膜,抑制了磨粒磨损和粘着磨损,有效减弱了网格化激光淬火表面"摩擦台阶"效应。     

MoDDP作润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能

利用四球摩擦磨损试验机对MoDDP的摩擦学性能进行了考察;使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量色散X射线分析仪(EDS)分析了磨斑表面微观形貌及元素组成,探讨了MoDDP的润滑作用机理。结果表明:MoDDP具有良好的抗磨减摩和极压性能,392 N载荷下抗磨减摩效果最佳;1%和0.75%分别为油品最佳减摩和最佳抗磨的MoDDP添加量。SEM和EDS分析结果表明,S、P、Mo等MoDDP特征元素参与了摩擦过程,反应生成的含S、P、Mo化合物在提高油品润滑性能方面发挥了重要作用。     

石墨烯油润滑添加剂的减摩抗磨性能

采用多功能往复摩擦磨损试验机考察了石墨烯的减摩抗磨性能,通过三维形貌测量仪、扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscopy,SEM)等手段,分析了磨损表面的形貌,初步探讨了石墨烯的润滑机理。结果表明:在试验所选载荷、频率条件下,石墨烯较液体石蜡的减摩抗磨性能有明显改善,但试验条件不同,改善程度也不同;液体石蜡和石墨烯的磨损机理均为磨粒磨损,试验条件可以改变液体石蜡和石墨烯的润滑状态,减轻其磨损程度,但不能改变其磨损机理。     

激光淬火渗硫复合层的抗高温摩擦磨损性能

采用网格化激光淬火和低温离子渗硫技术对42MnCr52钢进行复合表面处理,使用洛氏硬度计、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和能谱仪对表面改性层进行了表征分析,使用T11高温摩擦磨损试验机对复合处理前后的样品进行了高温摩擦磨损比较试验。结果表明:经激光淬火-离子渗硫复合处理后,在基材表面形成了激光淬火渗硫复合层,具有显著的抗高温摩擦磨损性能。与未处理样品相比较,硬度提高20%左右,摩擦因数降低约10%,磨损失重量减少50%以上。最后对激光淬火渗硫复合层的抗高温摩擦磨损机理进行了探讨分析。     

纳米硼酸镧的制备、表征及其在水介质中的摩擦学性能

采用化学沉淀法合成了硼酸镧纳米微粒,利用透射电镜、热分析仪、FT-IR光谱仪对其结构进行了表征,采用四球摩擦试验机考察了其在水介质中的摩擦学行为,并用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱分析了磨损表面形貌和主要元素的化学状态.结果表明,纳米硼酸镧作为水基润滑添加剂能显著提高水的抗磨减摩性能,添加剂在摩擦过程中发生了摩擦化学反应,在摩擦副表面生成了含La2O3,B2O3,FeO和Fe2O3的复合润滑膜,有效地提高了水的抗磨减摩性能.     

装备表面超润滑设计及高温摩擦学性能研究

运用多功能SRV试验机考察了MoS2的高温减摩抗磨性能.结果表明在点接触条件下,MoS2在200 ～400 ℃时显示出非常低的摩擦因数,其摩擦因数大约为0.06;MoS2在不同试验温度下的抗磨性能都比菜籽油的抗磨性能好,特别是在200～400 ℃时,MoS2的抗磨性能显示出特殊的优越性,其主要原因是MoS2主要以吸附形式存在于摩擦表面.因此,MoS2可以作为摩擦表面超润滑设计的润滑剂.     

渗硫表面摩擦过程中的弱腐蚀现象

对45钢和2Cr13不锈钢的渗硫表面进行磨损试验后发现,45钢渗硫层磨痕处产生了大量腐蚀剥落坑,而不锈钢渗硫层磨痕却未产生.利用AFM、SEM、XPS等先进设备分析了渗硫层弱腐蚀现象的产生机理,结果表明摩擦过程中,由于摩擦热的作用,渗硫层生成了具有弱腐蚀性的硫酸根,对没有耐蚀性能的45钢造成了腐蚀破坏,而不锈钢以其良好的耐蚀性免受腐蚀破坏.     

超细矿物微粉改善2号坦克润滑脂摩擦学性能研究

采用球盘式摩擦磨损试验机，研究了羟基硅酸盐超细矿物微粉作为2号坦克润滑脂添加剂对钢／钢摩擦副的润滑性能，利用扫描电子显微镜（Scanning Electron Microscopy，SEM）和X射线能谱仪（Energy Dispersive Spectrometry，EDS）分析了磨痕表面形貌及典型元素的面分布情况。结果表明：超细矿物微粉可显著改善2号坦克润滑脂的抗磨减摩性能，含2wt％矿物微粉的润滑脂同单一2号润滑脂相比，摩擦系数降低了约44％，钢盘磨损率降低了约70％，这与羟基硅酸盐可在摩擦表面形成一层富含O，Si，Mg，Al等元素的摩擦表面膜密切相关。     

激光制备多层结构的软质基底耐磨类金刚石膜

为提高金属铜软基底的耐磨、抗蚀能力，采用脉冲激光沉积技术制备了金属铜基底上的多层结构类金刚石保护膜；其中的碳化硅-类金刚石循环层避免了类金刚石膜层中内应力的累积，降低了功能类金刚石层破裂的风险，碳化硅持力层降低了软质铜基底与高硬度类金刚石层的硬度差，金属钛层则使得铜基底与上层碳化硅层牢固结合。实验测试表明，多层结构类金刚石保护膜在铜基底上附着牢固，可通过美军标MIL-48497A规定的重摩擦和国军标GJB150.5A-2009规定的高低温冲击试验，同时能够承受弱碱溶液的腐蚀；摩擦系数低、处于0.093以下，耐磨性能好、2 h摩擦未见磨痕。针对不同金属基底特性改进工艺，该技术可应用于存在腐蚀性环境中机械工具的抗磨保护膜。     

Microstructure,mechanical and corrosion behavior of high strength AA7075aluminium alloy friction stir welds-Effect of post weld heat treatment

High strength aluminium alloy AA7075(Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) is a precipitate hardenable alloy widely used in the aerospace,defense,marine and automobile industries.Use of the heat treatable aluminium alloys in all these sectors is ever-increasing owing to their excellent strength-toweight ratio and reasonably good corrosion resistance.The shortage in corrosion resistance,however,usually poses negative concern about their reliability and lifetime when they service in the variable marine environments.These alloys also exhibit low weldability due to poor solidification microstructure,porosity in fusion zone and lose their mechanical properties when they are welded by fusion welding techniques.Friction stir welding(FSW) is a reliable technique to retain the properties of the alloy as the joining takes place in the solid state.The welds are susceptible to corrosion due to the microstructural changes in the weld nugget during FSW.In this work,the effect of post weld treatments,viz.,peak aging(T6) and retrogression reaging(RRA),on the microstructure,mechanical properties and pitting corrosion has been studied.Friction stir welding of 8 mm-thick AA7075 alloy was carried out.The microstructural changes of base metal and nugget zone of friction stir welds were studied using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Tensile and hardness test of base metal and welds has been carried out.Pitting corrosion resistance was determined through dynamic polarization test.It was observed that the hardness and strength of weld were observed to be comparatively high in peak aged(T6) condition but the welds showed poor corrosion resistance.The resistance to pitting corrosion was improved and the mechanical properties were maintained by RRA treatment.The resistance to pitting corrosion was improved in RRA condition with the minimum loss of weld strength.     

摩擦电喷镀Ni-Co-MoS2复合镀层摩擦学性能研究

采用摩擦电喷镀技术制备Ni-Co-MoS2复合镀层,系统试验研究了复合镀层的摩擦学性能。结果表明,Ni-Co-MoS2复合镀层在滑动摩擦条件下,摩擦因数主要取决于镀层中MoS2微粒的含量、滑动速度和载荷;MoS2微粒的减磨作用,可有效改善镀层的耐磨性;在滑动摩擦条件下,Ni-Co-MoS2复合镀层的耐磨性能将随MoS2含量的提高而提高。     

纳米SiO_2在润滑油中的高温摩擦学性能

采用多功能SRV试验机考察了纳米SiO2在菜籽油中的高温摩擦学性能,利用表面轮廓仪观察磨损表面形貌。结果表明,在恒定负荷试验中,纳米SiO2能明显改善菜籽油的高温减摩抗磨性能,在500℃时,摩擦因数仅为0.16,磨损量降低了80%以上。在连续加载的高温试验中,当试验温度为200℃时,纳米SiO2对菜籽油的减摩抗磨性能没有明显的改善;而当试验温度达到500℃时,纳米SiO2能明显地改善菜籽油的减摩抗磨性能,在大负荷(500N)的情况下更为突出。     

Microstructure and pitting corrosion resistance of AA2219 Ale Cu alloy friction stir welds e Effect of tool profile

AA2219 Ale Cu alloy is widely used in defence and aerospace applications due to required combination of high strength-to-weight ratio and toughness.Fabrication of components used for defence always involves welding.Even though the mechanical properties of the base metal are better,but the alloy suffers from poor mechanical and corrosion properties during fusion welding.To overcome the problems of fusion welding,friction stir welding(FSW) is recognized as an alternative solid state joining method aimed to improve the mechanical and corrosion properties.Tool profile is one of the important variables which affect the performance of the friction stir weld.In the present work the effect of tool profile on the microstructure and pitting corrosion of AA2219 aluminiumecopper alloy was studied.Electron backscattered diffraction results established that the grain size and orientation of weld nugget of triangle profile is finer than that of conical profile.Differential scanning calorimetric results show the evidence of precipitate dissolution during FSW.It was found that the microstructure changes,such as grain size and its orientation precipitate dissolution during FSW influence the hardness and corrosion behaviour.Pitting corrosion resistance of friction stir welds of AA2219 was found to be better for triangle profile tool compared to conical profile which is attributed to material flow and strengthening precipitate morphology in various zones.Higher amount of heat generation during FSW made using triangle profile tool may be the reason for greater dissolution of strengthening precipitates in nugget zone and coarsening in thermo mechanically affected zone(TMAZ) and heat affected zone(HAZ).     

抗磨添加剂与电弧喷涂耐磨涂层间的协同效应

研究了2种φ2mm粉芯丝材电弧喷涂Fe-Cr-Ni涂层和7Crl3涂层以及与2种典型润滑油抗磨添加剂的协同效应,并借助X光电子能谱(XPS)研究了其协同作用机理.结果表明DBP和ZDDP润滑油抗磨添加剂能明显地改善电弧喷涂Fe-Cr-Ni涂层和7Cr13涂层的抗磨性.添加剂DBP能显著地降低2种电弧喷涂涂层/GCr15摩擦副的摩擦系数,但ZDDP抗磨添加u剂的减摩效果不太显著.在含DBP和ZDDP添加剂油润滑条件下,涂层磨痕表面形成了摩擦化学反应膜.     

润滑油纳米铜添加剂及其对不同粗糙度表面的减摩自修复行为

采用KBH4液相还原法制备了纳米铜添加剂,采用透射电子显微镜对纳米铜添加剂进行了表征,通过摩擦磨损试验机测试了纳米铜添加剂对4种不同粗糙度摩擦表面所表现的抗磨减摩性能,并对不同的磨损表面进行了光学显微镜和能谱分析。结果表明:纳米铜添加剂为分散性能稳定的20nm的球形颗粒;纳米铜添加剂具有良好的抗磨减摩性能,尤其是对于光滑的摩擦表面,与基础油相比,可使摩擦因数降低24%。纳米铜添加剂还具有良好的自修复性能,摩擦过程中,能够在摩擦表面形成一层高弹性低硬度的自修复膜,自修复效果对于光滑的摩擦表面更为显著。     

Enhancement of wear and ballistic resistance of armour grade AA7075 aluminium alloy using friction stir processing

Industrial applications of aluminium and its alloys are restricted because of their poor tribological properties. Thermal spraying, laser surfacing, electron beam welding are the most widely used techniques to alter the surface morphology of base metal. Preliminary studies reveal that the coating and layering of aluminium alloys with ceramic particles enhance the ballistic resistance. Furthermore, among aluminium alloys,7075 aluminium alloy exhibits high strength which can be compared to that of steels and has profound applications in the designing of lightweight fortification structures and integrated protection systems. Having limitations such as poor bond integrity, formation of detrimental phases and interfacial reaction between reinforcement and substrate using fusion route to deposit hard particles paves the way to adopt friction stir processing for fabricating surface composites using different sizes of boron carbide particles as reinforcement on armour grade 7075 aluminium alloy as matrix in the present investigation. Wear and ballistic tests were carried out to assess the performance of friction stir processed AA7075 alloy. Significant improvement in wear resistance of friction stir processed surface composites is attributed to the change in wear mechanism from abrasion to adhesion. It has also been observed that the surface metal matrix composites have shown better ballistic resistance compared to the substrate AA7075 alloy. Addition of solid lubricant Mo S2 has reduced the depth of penetration of the projectile to half that of base metal AA7075 alloy. For the first time, the friction stir processing technique was successfully used to improve the wear and ballistic resistances of armour grade high strength AA7075 alloy.     

疏水性纳米TiO2制备及其在菜籽油中的摩擦磨损性能

以纳米TiO2为原料、硬脂酸为表面改性剂,通过超声反应制备了疏水性纳米TiO2（SA-TiO2）;采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、红外光谱仪及接触角测量仪对其微结构进行了表征。以SA-TiO2为润滑油添加剂,在四球试验机上考察了其在菜籽油中的摩擦磨损性能,并利用SEM观察钢球表面磨斑形貌,用能谱仪（EDS）和X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）分析了钢球表面磨斑的化学成分。结果表明：SA-TiO2为疏水性单分散球状颗粒,其平均直径约为20 nm;SA-TiO2能够提高菜籽油的抗磨减摩性能,当SA-TiO2的质量分数为1%,菜籽油的抗磨减摩性能达到最佳;钢球表面磨斑的EDS和XPS分析表明,纳米微粒在钢球摩擦表面形成了一层含菜籽油和SA-TiO2的吸附膜,在摩擦剪切作用下,发生摩擦化学反应生成了一层含钛、铁氧化物的边界润滑膜,这种边界润滑膜起到了良好的润滑作用。