水下爆炸载荷作用下受损加肋圆柱壳的剩余屈曲强度计算

研究了在水下爆炸载荷作用下受损的加肋圆柱壳的屈曲.结合DYTRAN软件和NASTRAN软件计算了水下爆炸载荷作用下受损的加肋圆柱壳的剩余屈曲强度,并且提出了一种结合上述两种软件计算加肋圆柱壳的剩余屈曲强度的方法.数值计算表明,预测结果与实验结果吻合较好.     

爆炸冲击作用下加筋板结构变形研究

为了预报加筋板结构在爆炸冲击载荷作用下的变形程度,将加筋板的变形分为整体变形和局部变形,借助数值计算拟合了两者能量分配关系,进而提出了爆炸冲击作用下加筋板结构变形的理论计算方法,并与实验结果进行比较,结果吻合较好。     

爆炸冲击波作用下板架结构响应研究综述

板架结构是飞机和水面舰艇主要的组成单元,研究其在爆炸冲击波作用下的变形和破坏对目标结构的防护设计具有重要意义。国内外学者对板架结构在冲击波载荷作用下的变形与破坏进行了大量研究,形成了诸多成果。本文中从理论分析、实验研究和数值模拟3个方面总结了爆炸冲击波载荷作用下板架结构响应领域的研究现状,并对未来研究方向提出一些建议,为相关结构的抗爆设计以及战时毁伤评估提供参考。     

舰船局部结构在水下爆炸气泡载荷作用下的塑性变形分析

在水下爆炸载荷作用下的舰船局部结构塑性变形计算中,往往只考虑冲击波载荷的影响而忽略气泡载荷的影响。为研究气泡载荷在舰船局部结构塑性变形中所占的比例,利用通用有限元软件Abaqus,对舰船局部结构典型形式加筋板模型在水下爆炸载荷作用下的动态响应进行了数值仿真。其中,载荷计算采用了Geers-Hunter模型,材料本构采用了Johnson-Cook模型。分析仿真结果发现,模型中点变形挠度明显分为两个阶段,很容易区分冲击波载荷引起的变形和气泡载荷引起的变形。将最终变形挠度仿真计算结果与试验结果进行对比,两者吻合较好。计算结果表明:由气泡载荷引起的加筋板塑性变形挠度超过总变形挠度的30%,所以在计算中气泡载荷的影响不容忽视。     

冲击波载荷作用下固支正交各向异性薄板挠度特性分析

根据能量原理,采用层合板理论和薄板大变形理论,对四边固支的矩形正交铺层的纤维增强复合材料薄板在爆炸冲击波作用下的弹性大变形进行理论分析,得到了层合板的最大挠度计算公式。有限元数值模拟计算表明,理论计算结果与有限元数值模拟的结果吻合较好,因此该方法可用来对复合材料板在弹性范围内的最大挠度进行预测,同时认为根据薄板的最大挠度,可以计算板的应力(应变)分布和复合材料板失效时的爆炸载荷。     

一种用于内部冲击波载荷测试的爆炸容器设计

为设计爆炸容器并确保其力学实验安全,研究了容器内部的载荷分布特征和规律,根据研究需求,设计加工了一柱形爆炸容器。数值模拟结果表明,该容器在最大实验药量（1 230 gTNT）作用下结构是安全的。在多次内爆载荷测试实验中（最大实验药量为1 000 gTNT）,该容器没有出现塑性变形,认为容器结构设计合理,实验安全可靠,达...     

带壳体云爆弹药液体燃料抛撒的数值模拟

建立了带壳体云爆弹药数值模拟模型,分析了圆柱壳体的断裂准则。壳体材料采用Johnson-Cook热粘性本构方程,断裂准则采用Taylor断裂应力准则,应用Autodyn软件进行了数值模拟,给出了内部爆炸载荷下液体燃料的压力曲线和速度曲线,并进行了分析。     

水下近场非接触爆炸载荷作用下加筋板毁伤变形的数值仿真研究

采用高动态非线性有限元程序MSC.Dytran对复杂加筋板结构在水下爆炸载荷下的动态响应和变形模式进行了仿真分析和模型试验,建立了复杂加筋板架结构水下爆炸作用下动态响应的有限元计算方法.研究了加筋板在水下爆炸载荷下的不同毁伤形式,并利用有限元程序对复杂毁伤形式进行了瞬态毁伤过程分析,认为一定药量近距离爆炸时局部破坏要先于整体破坏.     

冲击波和气泡载荷联合作用下加筋板塑性变形

水下爆炸冲击波和气泡载荷对舰船结构都有不同程度的毁伤作用,计算舰船结构在水下爆炸载荷作用下的塑性变形时,需要同时考虑两种载荷的影响.通过对加筋板结构刚塑性分析,运用Lagrangian方程,得到一种计算冲击波和气泡脉动压力波联合作用下加筋板塑性变形的方法.该方法计算结果与试验值和文献值吻合较好.对该计算方法的适用范围进...     

水下爆炸载荷作用下夹芯圆柱壳的动态响应

采用有限元数值模拟方法,对夹芯圆柱壳在水下爆炸载荷作用下的动态响应进行了分析.在夹芯防护层质量给定的情况下,通过对不同夹芯层相对密度下内部圆柱壳体获得的最大加速度进行比较,得出了最优的夹芯层相对密度.同时,还对内部圆柱壳体的等效应力和夹芯层的变形进行了分析.研究结果表明:夹芯防护层对爆炸冲击波有较好的衰减作用,且对里面的圆柱壳体起到了较好的保护作用,具有优异的抗冲击防护特性.     

Relative performance of novel blast wave mitigation system to conventional system based on mitigation percent criteria

Recent researches focused on developing robust blast load mitigation systems due to the threats of terrorist attacks. One of the main embraced strategies is the structural systems that use mitigation techniques. They are developed from a combination of structural elements and described herein as conventional systems. Among the promising techniques is that redirect the waves propagation through hollow tubes. The blast wave propagation through tubes provides an efficient system since it combines many blast wave phenomena, such as reflection, diffraction, and interaction. In this research, a novel blast load mitigation system, employed as a protection fence, is developed using a technique similar to the technique of the bent tube in manipulating the shock-wave. The relative performance of the novel system to the conventional system is evaluated based on mitigation percent criteria. Performances of both systems are calculated through numerical simulation. The proposed novel system proved to satisfy high performance in mitigating the generated blast waves from charges weight up to 500 kg TNT at relatively small standoff distances (5 m and 8 m). It mitigates at least 94％ of the blast waves, which means that only 6％ of that blast impulse is considered as the applied load on the targeted structure.     

A fast-running method for blast load prediction shielding by a protective barrier

This study presents a simplified blast load prediction method on structures behind a protective barrier. The proposed method is basically an empirical approach based on Kingery-Bulamsh (K-B) chart and finite element (FE) analysis results. To this end, this study divides the structure into three regions by three critical points. Blast loads at each critical point can be calculated based on K-B chart and an approximation according to FE analysis results. Finally, peak reflected overpressure and impulse distributed on the structure can be approximately estimated by linearly connecting blast loads at each critical point. In order to confirm a feasibility of the proposed method, a series of numerical simulations were carried out. The simulation results were compared with FE analysis results which are presented in the open literature. From such comparisons, it was found that the proposed method is applicable to predict blast loads on structures behind a protective barrier.     

命中角对防护结构口部爆炸毁伤影响的数值分析

为研究装药命中角对防护结构口部爆炸毁伤的影响规律,对直墙拱结构进行了一系列爆炸模拟分析,得到了直墙拱结构拱顶、拱脚和直墙底3个位置的爆炸应力和位移时程曲线。通过分析这3个位置的应力峰值和位移峰值,发现随着装药命中角的增大,拱顶处竖直方向荷载减小,而拱脚处水平方向荷载增大;随着装药命中角的增大,拱顶处竖直方向位移变形减小,而拱脚处水平方向位移变形增大。模拟分析得到的命中角对防护结构口部爆炸毁伤的影响规律,可供防护工程设计时参考。     

Mitigation of the blast load effects on a building structure using newly composite structural configurations

In this study, a nonlinear three-dimensional hydrocode numerical simulation was carried out using AUTODYN-3D to investigate the effect of blasting of a high explosive material (TNT) against several configurations of the composite structure. Several numerical models were carried out to study the effect of varying the thickness of the walls and the effect of adding an air layer or aluminum foam layer inside two layers of concrete in mitigating the effect of blast waves on the structure walls. The results showed that increasing the thickness of walls has a good effect on mitigating the effect of blast waves. When a layer of air was added, the effect of blast waves was exaggerated, while when a layer of aluminum foam was added the blast wave effects were mitigated with a reasonable percentage.     

Responses of HFR-LWC beams under close-range blast loadings accompanying membrane action

The load-carrying capacities and failure patterns of reinforced concrete components can be significantly changed by membrane effects. However, limited work has been carried out to investigate the blast resistance of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete (HFR-LWC) members accompanying membrane action. This paper presents a theoretical approach to quantitatively depicting the membrane behavior and its contribution on the behavior of HFR-LWC beams under close-range blast loadings, and the suitability of the proposed model is validated by a series of field tests. An improved Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) model was employed to describe the dynamic responses of beam-like members under blast loadings accompanying membrane action, where the mass-load coefficient is determined according to the nonuniformly distributed load induced by close-range explosion, and the membrane action is characterized by an in-plane (longitudinal) force and a resisting moment. The elasto-plastic and recovery responses of HFR-LWC beams under the combined action of blast load and membrane force were analyzed by the promoted model. A specially built end-constrain clamp was developed to provide membrane action for the beam member when they are subjected to blast load simultaneously. It is demonstrated that the analytical displacement-time histories are in good agreement with experimental results before peak deflections and that the improved SDOF model is an acceptable tool for predicting the behavior of HFR-LWC beams under blast loadings accompanying membrane action.     

Numerical investigation on free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation

In current guidelines, the free air blast loads (overpressure and impulse) are determined by spherical charges, although most of ordnance devices are more nearly cylindrical than spherical in geometry. This may result in a great underestimation of blast loads in the near field and lead to an unsafe design. However, there is still a lack of systematic quantitative analysis of the blast loads generated from cylindrical charges. In this study, a numerical model is developed by using the hydrocode AUTODYN to investigate the influences of aspect ratio and orientation on the free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges. This is done by examining the pressure contours, the peak overpressures and impulses for various aspect ratios ranged from 1 to 8 and arbitrary orientation monitored along every azimuth angle with an interval of 5°. To characterize the distribution patterns of blast loads, three regions, i.e., the axial region, the vertex region and the radial region are identified, and the propagation of blast waves in each region is analyzed in detail. The complexity of blast loads of cylindrical charges is found to result from the bridge wave and its interaction with primary waves. Several empirical formulas are presented based on curve-fitting the numerical data, including the orientation where the maximum peak overpressure emerges, the critical scaled distance beyond which the charge shape effect could be neglected and blast loads with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation, all of which are useful for blast-resistant design.     

混凝土板模爆方法数值模拟研究

分析混凝土结构在1/4模型中应变率对于爆炸相似律的影响,并用数值模拟的方法进行混凝土板的模爆方法研究,得出混凝土板在爆炸作用下复印比例定律近似成立的结论。考察数值模拟中产生计算误差的原因,发现混凝土板模型在采用4cm网格时会出现较大的计算偏差,其原因部分是由于网格尺寸引起的,部分是由于计算采用的混凝土局部损伤失效模型引起的。     

The deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shell and square plate with pre-formed holes under blast loading

The deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shells and square plate with pre-formed holes under blast loading were investigated numerically by employing the Ansys 17.0 and Ls-Dyna 971. To calibrate the numerical model, the experiments of square plates with pre-formed circle holes were modeled and the numerical results have a good agreement with the experiment data. The calibrated numerical model was used to study the deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shells with pre-formed circle holes subjected to blast loading. The structure response and stress field changing process has been divided into four specific stages and the deformation mechanism has been discussed systematically. The local and global deformation curves, degree of damage, change of stress status and failure modes of cylindrical shell and square plate with pre-formed circular holes are obtained, compared and analyzed, it can be concluded as: (1) The transition of tensile stress fields is due to the geometrical characteristic of pre-formed holes and cylindrical shell with arch configuration; (2) The existence of pre-formed holes not only lead to the increasing of stress concentration around the holes, but also release the stress concentration during whole response process; (3) There are three and two kinds of failure modes for square plate and cylindrical shell with pre-formed holes, respectively. and the standoff distance has a key influence on the forming location of the crack initiating point and the locus of crack propagation; (4) The square plate with pre-formed holes has a better performance than cylindrical shell on blast-resistant capability at a smaller standoff distance, while the influence of pre-formed holes on the reduction of blast-resistant capability of square plate is bigger than that of cylindrical shell.     

Optimal design of a novel cylindrical sandwich panel with double arrow auxetic core under air blast loading

The increasing threat of explosions on the battle field and the terrorist action requires the development of more effective blast resistance materials and structures. Curved structure can support the external loads effectively by virtue of their spatial curvature. In review of the excellent energy absorption property of auxetic structure, employing auxetic structure as core material in curved sandwich shows the potential to improve the protection performance. In this study, a novel cylindrical sandwich panel with double arrow auxetic (DAA) core was designed and the numerical model was built by ABAQUS. Due to the complexity of the structure, systematic parameter study and optimal design are conducted. Two cases of optimal design were considered, case1 focuses on reducing the deflection and mass of the structure, while case2 focuses on reducing the deflection and increasing the energy absorption per unit mass. Parameter study and optimal design were conducted based on Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHD) method, artificial neural networks (ANN) metamodel and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-Ⅱ). The Pareto front was obtained and the cylindrical DAA structure performed much better than its equal solid panel in both blast resistance and energy absorption capacity. Optimization results can be used as a reference for different applications.