美国新型作战力量发展及启示思考

新型作战力量是引领军事发展的重要军事力量。为掌握未来战争主动权,世界主要军事强国纷纷推进新型作战力量建设。文章对美国新型作战力量建设的发展动向及主要特点进行了分析和总结,提出加快推进新型作战力量建设的几点认识与思考。     

战略高地的技术角逐——国外航天武器发展趋势

军事航天技术的发展,把现代战争引向了外层空间,给武器装备发展带来了革命性的影响。发展和加强军事航天手段,正成为军事强国军力建设的重中之重。     

天军组织编制的历史及其发展规律初探

天军组织编制,是国家及其军队为天军确定的基本组织制度,包括天军的规模、结构、组织体制和编制等的规定,通常以法规的形式予以明确。其基本内容包括天军的规模、总体结构、体制和编制。进入新世纪,随着人们对太空这一战争“制高点”战略地位认识的不断提高,世界范围内建设和发展军事航天力量的步伐明显加快,有条件的国家组建自己的天军已经势不可挡。继俄罗斯正式组建兵种级的天军之后,美国将“航天司令部”与“战略司令部”进行合并以加强太空制信息力量建设,日本、法国、英国、德国等航天国家,也都加快了军事航天力量建设、组建天军的步…     

美国称霸军事航天领域

美国拥有世界上最庞大、最先进的军事航天力量,在多次局部战争尤其是近期的海湾战争、“沙漠之狐”行动和科索沃战争中均发挥了重要作用,产生了巨大的军事效益。从实战中尝到了甜头的美军,经过冷战结束时的短暂犹豫之后,随着美国国家导弹防御系统(NMD)和战区导弹防御系统(TMD)的启动,近年来明显加快了军事航天力量建设的步伐。     

浅析世界军事电子信息装备与技术发展

军事电子信息技术已经成为引领军队信息化建设、提升武器装备作战效能的核心关键技术，推动着作战力量从机械化向信息化的转变。世界军事强国纷纷加大投入进行国防信息化建设，加速发展军事电子信息技术，研制各具特色的军事电子信息装备。     

共筑航天新时代

正一转眼,"中国航天日"从设立至今已有三个年头。在中国航天事业蓬勃兴盛的背景下,"中国航天日"也成长为传承航天精神、凝聚强大力量的重要纽带,成为普及航天知识、培植创新文化的重要平台和展示航天成就、拓展国际合作的重要窗口。本届航天日主题为"共筑航天新时代",契合了十九大精神,宣告中国航天事业进入了一个全新的阶段——"今后一个时期,我们将全面推进航天强国建设""2020年左右实现重点突破,加速迈向航天强国"。几十年的技术与工业积累,奠定了我国航天事业阔步踏上新征程的坚实基础,在建设航天强国的号角的鼓舞下,中国航天也有能力有信心拥抱新时代。     

美军航天力量发展走势分析

美军一直奉行全球战略极度依赖天基信息支援。美军航天力量在夺取制天权,确保战时进入、利用太空自由,为海外军事行动提供信息支撑方面发挥决定性作用。美军认为航天领域颠覆性技术的应用将会迅速而深刻地颠覆传统战争规则,是应对新兴国家军事威胁,实施第三次"抵消战略"的核心技术。美军高度重视航天力量装备规划、体制编制、理论研究和人才培养的创新发展。研究近年来美军航天力量的建设发展重点,可以透过其一系列的航天力量发展规划,得出美军航天力量发展战略和走势,具有强的启示性。     

当今世界战略武器装备的最新发展

<正>武器装备是军事发展最直接的推动力量,是军事力量发展建设最活跃的因素。因此皮器装备发展倍受世界各国的重视,特别是美俄等军事强国,一直引领着当今世界武器装备的发展。武器装备是军事发展最直接的推动力量,是军事力量发展建设最活跃的因素。因此武器装备发展倍受世界各国的重视,特别是美俄等军事强国,一直引领着当今世界武器装备的发展。经过68年的努力,我国己经成为工业化国家,规模之大、体系之完整令世界为之惊叹。     

美国空间态势感知发展分析

随着空间技术的迅速发展,外层空间得到了广泛的开发和应用。空间力量的作用日益凸显,空间安全备受关注,获取空间优势和控制空间能力成为世界军事强国角逐的重点。空间态势感知作为获取空间优势和控制空间的基础,被推到了空间时代竞争的前沿。美国作为当今世界的头号航天大国,其空间态势感知理论发展、装备建设及其发展经验都有一定的借鉴意义。     

世界一流航天发射中心发展对策探究

“发展航天事业，建设航天强国是我们不懈追求的航天梦” ，建设实力雄厚、现代化、技术一流的航天发射中心，不断推进航天强国战略发展步伐。本文辨析了世界一流航天发射中心的概念和所具备的特征，并从先天优势、发展实力、组织管理等方面分析了航天发射中心发展的内在要求，提出了现役航天发射中心转型发展对策，为航天强国建设提供理论支撑。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.