大气-海洋环境对舰载雷达探测效能的影响评估

针对大气-海洋环境影响雷达探测效能的多要素结构和非量化特性，通过定义评估目标效能指标和层次集成原则，运用层次分析理论，得到影响评估基本流程。通过重点分析海杂波和大气波导对舰载雷达探测效能的影响机理，确定了风速、风向、温度、湿度等气象水文要素在影响过程中所起的作用。最后，根据影响机理的分析，构建了气象水文要素对舰载雷达探测效能影响的量化评估模型。通过模型仿真实验，得到影响评估的量化结果，该结果基本反映出大气-海洋环境对舰载雷达的影响程度。     

大气-海洋环境对舰载雷达探测效能的影响评估*

针对大气.海洋环境影响雷达探测效能的多要素结构和非量化特性,通过定义评估目标效能指标和层次集成原则,运用层次分析理论,得到影响评估基本流程.通过重点分析海杂波和大气波导对舰载雷达探测效能的影响机理.确定了风速、风向、温度、湿度等气象水文要素在影响过程中所起的作用.最后,根据影响机理的分析,构建了气象水文要素对舰栽雷达探测效能影响的量化评估模型.通过模型仿真实验,得到影响评估的量化结果,该结果基本反映出大气-海洋环境对舰载雷达的影响程度.     

信息扩散模型的窗宽优化与鱼雷战术效能实验评估

针对海洋环境对鱼雷等武器装备战术效能影响的试验数据和案例样本匮乏等普遍性问题,引入信息扩和模糊映射思想,并基于遗传算法改进和发展了最优窗宽扩散模型。该方法可从有限的试验样本中客观拟合出数据结构信息,进而实现有限数据样本信息的合理扩散。利用该方法进行了基于小样本案例的潜射鱼雷战术效能的海洋环境影响评估的信息扩散建模和仿真实验和对比分析。结果表明,窗宽优化的信息扩散模型可有效改进常规信息扩散模型的评估效果,对武器装备环境影响评估中普遍存在的小样本或信息不完备困难有一定参考应用意义。     

应用神经网络评估舰载武器系统作战效能

为评估水面舰艇舰载武器系统作战效能,最大程度地提高舰艇整体作战能力,采用神经网络评估舰载武器系统的作战效能,按照建立BP网络模型、设计模型结构及确定训练样本的步骤,实现神经网络评估模型创建的全过程。该模型把各个评估指标作为输入,通过历史数据的训练确定神经网络输入、输出的对应关系,从而得出系统的效能值。神经网络评估模型可动态地评估舰载武器系统的作战效能,其评估过程确定的各指标项相互关系能很好地指导舰载武器的战术使用。     

基于赋色Petri网的反辐射导弹对雷达毁伤效率评估建模

针对反辐射导弹对雷达毁伤效率评估过程中,存在的评估结果不稳定问题,基于赋色Petri网构建了雷达毁伤效率评估模型。采用ZigBee协议构建赋色Petri网,并建立反辐射导弹对雷达毁伤效率参数分析模型。提取反辐射导弹对雷达毁伤评估统计特征量,采用反演特征分析方法,构建雷达毁伤效率大数据分析模型,并结合大数据参数融合和特征分析结果,求解反辐射导弹对雷达毁伤效率评估模型,将输出的评估信息传输至Web界面,实现反辐射导弹对雷达毁伤效率自动化评估。测试结果表明,采用该方法进行反辐射导弹对雷达毁伤效率评估建模的可靠性较高,评估效能较好。     

反舰导弹武器系统攻防对抗作战效能评估模型

在对目前A.D.C武器系统效能评估模型存在的问题进行分析的基础上,结合攻防对抗条件下舰载反舰导弹武器系统作战效能评估需要考虑的因素,对传统A.D.C评估模型加以改进,建立了比较系统的导弹武器系统作战效能评价指标,供有关研究人员和决策部门参考.     

导弹预警卫星探测效能评估

导弹预警卫星是导弹防御体系的重要组成部分,正确评估其探测效能对于提升导弹防御体系作战能力具有重要作用。分析并建立了一套多层次导弹预警卫星探测效能指标体系,基于层次分析法确定了各指标要素的权重,并提出了一种导弹预警卫星探测效能评估模型。通过对美国导弹预警卫星探测效能的评估,验证了所建模型的有效性。     

地空反辐射导弹武器系统作战效能影响评估模型

地空反辐射导弹武器系统融入战术防空体系对防空作战效能的影响如何定量评估是作战运用研究的重要问题。采用阶段概率分析法建立了打击空袭方预警机、电子干扰机对防空作战效能和我方航空兵突击作战效能影响评估模型,通过计算可得出定量数据供作战研究参考。实例计算结果表明地空反辐射导弹武器系统将能极大地提高防空导弹体系作战效能,对于获取防对抗中的信息优势将发挥举足轻重的作用,对地面防空由被动防御向攻防兼备转型将其有重大意义。     

基于云模型的导弹信息作战指挥效能评估

针对导弹信息作战指挥效能评估中既包含定量指标,又包含定性指标,而对这些指标进行科学合理地统一评价尚存在很多困难的问题,运用云模型对其进行了研究。分析了导弹信息作战指挥能力的指标体系,介绍了云模型的相关理论,并给出了运用云模型进行效能评估的详细算法,利用云发生器得到了最终的评估结果。最后给出了一个评估实例,结果证明该方法有效可行,能很好地解决效能评估中定性语言到定量值之间的转化问题。     

舰载无人机对海突击作战效能评估研究

舰载无人机是现代海军的重要装备,对舰载无人机作战效能的研究是近年来作战效能评估领域研究的热点。针对舰载无人机对海突击作战效能评估问题,提出了一种将层次分析法(AHP)、模糊综合评判法(FCE)和ADC法相结合的方法。基于舰载无人机对海突击作战使命任务,运用OODA环理论抽象出舰载无人机对海突击作战任务剖面,开展了关于舰载无人机对海突击作战能力的研究,引入对抗因子Z,通过建立效能评估指标体系,构建舰载无人机对海突击作战效能评估模型,同时引入算例对模型进行验证。通过算例计算出舰载无人机作战效能为0.8602,并对其作战过程进行仿真推演,表明了模型的可行性,为舰载无人机的设计论证和作战运用提供技术支撑。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.