考虑入口和出口容积效应的涡轮动力学模型

建立了考虑涡轮入口和出口容积效应的涡轮动力学模型 ,利用该模型计算了燃气涡轮气瓶启动的动态响应过程 ,分析了影响涡轮动态特性的主要因素。计算结果表明 :涡轮前容积对涡轮入口压力和出口背压的过渡过程均有显著的影响 ,涡轮后容积对涡轮入口压力的过渡过程影响不大 ,对涡轮出口背压的影响显著。     

往复活塞泵工作特性影响因素分析

为了系统地研究往复活塞泵的动态特性,分析往复活塞泵工作特性的影响因素,应用模块化建模思想,采用集中参数模型,基于AMESim平台建立了往复活塞式自增压系统仿真模型。分别研究蓄压器气腔初始压力、燃气发生器下游等效容腔体积和燃气发生器喷嘴数量对往复活塞泵工作特性的影响。结果表明:蓄压器气腔初始压力越大,往复活塞泵启动越快,但是其稳定工作时调节能力越弱;燃气发生器下游等效容腔的体积越小,往复活塞泵的启动时间越短,但是压力波动越大;燃气发生器喷嘴个数越多,燃气发生器内压力波动越小,但是增压速度变慢,导致往复活塞泵启动时间有所增加。     

一种先进的固体火箭冲压发动机堵盖设计

简要对比了固体火箭冲压发动机不同形式进气道出口堵盖设计方案,指出可烧蚀堵盖是今后技术发展的方向.在此基础上详细设计了一种该类型堵盖,它是由钯和铝组成的层压板结构.同时,还对其进行了应力分析,结果表明该设计方案可以满足固冲发动机对进气道出口堵盖的强度和密封要求,可为可烧蚀堵盖在未来先进空空导弹上的应用提供参考.     

加质源项技术在装药燃烧中的仿真研究北大核心

在弹射器燃烧室装药燃烧升压非稳态过程中,燃气发生器燃烧室内流场的压强数据在很大程度上影响着导弹弹射过程的安全与稳定。针对管状装药燃气发生器的特殊装药结构形式,运用Fluent软件建立了二维轴对称非定常计算模型,采用加质源项技术,通过UDF编译来实现燃气的质量、动量、能量向燃烧室的注入。通过设置不同的观测点,对燃烧室装药不同部位的压力和温度变化情况进行监测,计算得到了在装药加质燃烧升压过程中装药表面各点的压强和温度分布,随后分析了燃烧室喷管口打开后燃气流场的流动情况,得到了燃烧室内弹道压力变化曲线。所得结论可为燃气发生器的抗热冲击设计和喷管的结构设计提供参考。     

加质源项技术在装药燃烧中的仿真研究

在弹射器燃烧室装药燃烧升压非稳态过程中,燃气发生器燃烧室内流场的压强数据在很大程度上影响着导弹弹射过程的安全与稳定。针对管状装药燃气发生器的特殊装药结构形式,运用Fluent软件建立了二维轴对称非定常计算模型,采用加质源项技术,通过UDF编译来实现燃气的质量、动量、能量向燃烧室的注入。通过设置不同的观测点,对燃烧室装药不同部位的压力和温度变化情况进行监测,计算得到了在装药加质燃烧升压过程中装药表面各点的压强和温度分布,随后分析了燃烧室喷管口打开后燃气流场的流动情况,得到了燃烧室内弹道压力变化曲线。所得结论可为燃气发生器的抗热冲击设计和喷管的结构设计提供参考。     

二次流引射对保形非对称喷管性能的影响

发动机与飞机后体结构设计合理与否直接影响发动机的部件匹配和性能。利用三维雷诺平均N-S方程和k-ωSST湍流模型对飞翼布局无人机保形非对称喷管在典型飞行状态下开展了内外流流场特性的数值分析,获得了后体尾喷管推力性能和三维流动特征随二次流压力比的变化趋势。结果表明:发动机喷管落压比条件一定的前提下,通过合理优化二次流通道、增大二次流压力比,可以有效改善后体/喷管主流流场特性;当二次流与主流的流量比在0. 2%～1. 86%内时,后体尾喷管轴向推力系数的变化幅度大约为3%,在一定程度上能够减弱发动机主流的过膨胀程度,减小发动机推力损失,无人机后体尾喷管性能得到显著提高。     

二元混压式高超声速进气道流场数值模拟

使用有限差分法,TVD二阶迎风格式,Baldwin-Lomax湍流模型,对二元混压式高超声速进气道设计状态和非设计状态的粘性流场和性能进行了数值模拟,并分析了出口反压及隔离段长度对进气道流场的影响。结果表明隔离段长高比对进气道出口参数影响较大;隔离段出口反压不能太高,否则会引起进气道不起动。     

多点喷射空气酒精燃气发生器试验验证

为有效解决现有燃气引射气源存在的诸多缺点,适应一种引射系统大流量、小型化的需要,在综合分析各燃气引射气源方案的基础上,研制了一种以空气、酒精作为推进剂的多点喷射结构的燃气发生器,并开展了多种工况下的试验研究。结果表明:采用的多点喷射方案大大提高了空间利用率,有效满足了引射系统小型化的要求;喷雾性能好,喷雾锥角及粒径优于设计指标要求;点火可靠性高,解决了领域内现有燃气发生器点火可靠性低的缺点;点火迅速,燃烧平稳,可实现较为均匀的出口温度场;燃气发生器工作范围较宽,能在余气系数2.52～4.34范围内稳定燃烧;高效的火焰筒内壁空气冷却方式有效保证了燃气发生器长时间工作运行。     

尾喷流底部流场与外流场干扰的拓扑结构数值模拟

本文从非定常全ＮＳ方程出发，运用时间推进方法，采用有限体积方法离散控制方程，模拟了轴对称钝锥尾喷流场与外流场的干扰，得到了随时间发展的精细的流场拓扑结构，并对几种出口压力比的不同情况进行了比较和分析。     

一起管道燃气火灾爆炸事故爆炸点形成原因探讨

通过对一起居民住宅管道燃气泄漏火灾爆炸事故现场破坏程度的勘查,分析了在管道燃气泄漏后,由于燃气化学组分和理化性质的不同,室内环境因素影响扩散条件的不同,不同浓度的爆炸性混合气体在不同的部位出现了不同的形成过程,从理论上论证了管道燃气的泄漏点不一定就是中心爆炸点的火灾现场现象。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.