A methodology for estimating expected usage of repair parts with application to parts with no usage history

In this paper a model is presented which focuses on the difficult problem of predicting demands for items with extremely low usage rates. These form the bulk of repair parts in military systems. The basic notion underlying the model is the pooling of usage data for common design items with movement for the purpose of estimating usage rates for similar items which have shown no movement. A unique feature of the model is that it also makes possible the estimation of usage rates for items newly introduced into a system for which no previous usage history is available.     

基于飞参数据的飞行仿真模型验证

由于缺少真实数据的支持,飞行模拟器飞行仿真模型的验证一直缺乏有效的量化验证测试手段。针对这一现实难题,提出使用飞参数据进行模型验证的方法。通过介绍和分析飞参数据的来源、用途和特点,论证了该方法的可行性。设计和开发了飞参自动验模系统,介绍了其基本原理和结构组成,并对其中的难点和关键问题进行了深入研究分析,阐述了解决问题的思路和方法。试验结果验证了飞参验模系统的正确性和有效性,对提高飞行模拟器逼真度具有积极意义。     

A linear programming model for design of communications networks with time varying probabilistic demands

In this paper marginal investment costs are assumed known for two kinds of equipment stocks employed to supply telecommunications services: trunks and switching facilities. A network hierarchy is defined which includes important cases occurring in the field and also appearing in the literature. A different use of the classical concept of the marginal capacity of an additional trunk at prescribed blocking probability leads to a linear programming supply model which can be used to compute the sizes of all the high usage trunk groups. The sizes of the remaining trunk groups are approximated by the linear programming models, but can be determined more accurately by alternate methods once all high usage group sizes are computed. The approach applies to larger scale networks than previously reported in the literature and permits direct application of the duality theory of linear programming and its sensitivity analyses to the study and design of switched probabilistic communications networks with multiple busy hours during the day. Numerical results are presented for two examples based on field data, one of which having been designed by the multi-hour engineering method.     

一种军用文图自动转换方案

军事标图自动化是军队指挥自动化的基础性工作之一.信息抽取是一种实用性强的自然语言处理技术.提出一种军用文图自动转换方案,它利用信息抽取技术实现,无须计算机完全理解标图文书,具有可操作性强的特点.同时,该方案以图标信息作为文本与图形的接口,可保证领域之间的独立性,便于领域信息的保密和不同领域之间的合作.对抽取标图信息的MIE(军用信息抽取)系统的抽取情况进行了初步评估,评估结果表明MIE系统具有一定的实用性.     

Optimizing usage and maintenance decisions for k‐out‐of‐n systems of moving assets

We consider an integrated usage and maintenance optimization problem for a k‐out‐of‐n system pertaining to a moving asset. The k‐out‐of‐n systems are commonly utilized in practice to increase availability, where n denotes the total number of parallel and identical units and k the number of units required to be active for a functional system. Moving assets such as aircraft, ships, and submarines are subject to different operating modes. Operating modes can dictate not only the number of system units that are needed to be active, but also where the moving asset physically is, and under which environmental conditions it operates. We use the intrinsic age concept to model the degradation process. The intrinsic age is analogous to an intrinsic clock which ticks on a different pace in different operating modes. In our problem setting, the number of active units, degradation rates of active and standby units, maintenance costs, and type of economic dependencies are functions of operating modes. In each operating mode, the decision maker should decide on the set of units to activate (usage decision) and the set of units to maintain (maintenance decision). Since the degradation rate differs for active and standby units, the units to be maintained depend on the units that have been activated, and vice versa. In order to minimize maintenance costs, usage and maintenance decisions should be jointly optimized. We formulate this problem as a Markov decision process and provide some structural properties of the optimal policy. Moreover, we assess the performance of usage policies that are commonly implemented for maritime systems. We show that the cost increase resulting from these policies is up to 27% for realistic settings. Our numerical experiments demonstrate the cases in which joint usage and maintenance optimization is more valuable. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 418–434, 2017     

分布参数管道的一种改进的小分段数有限元模型

在分段数为１和２时，现有有限元模型的一阶谐振频率比一维分布参数模型的一阶谐振频率低许多，因而其适用的频率范围较低，计算精度较差。本文提出了一种改进的小分段数有限元模型，通过修正流体管道的并联导纳使分段数为１和２时的有限元模型的一阶谐振频率与一维分布参数模型一致，从而提高了其使用的频率范围和计算精度。利用单根管道阀门关闭的水击问题的仿真计算对改进模型的效果进行了验证。在分段数为２时，原有的有限元模型的计算结果与分布参数模型的计算结果相差较大，而改进后的模型的计算结果与分布参数模型的计算结果基本一致。     

浅谈中小户型住宅的空间可变性设计

中小户型住宅受建筑面积的限制，套内使用空间相对较少，因此充分发挥有限空间的作用，提高空间利用率是中小户型住宅具有较高舒适性的关键。空间的可变性设计正是以满足居住者的多种需求变化、充分利用空间为目标的设计方式，它对于提高人们的居住质量、促进住宅的可持续发展具有积极意义。从社会、经济、生活等方面阐述了中小户型住宅空间可变性设计的必要性，并通过设计实例的分析，提出从住宅的空间设计、结构设计、厨卫空间设计三方面入手来实现空间的可变。     

One-person games of economic survival

This paper discusses the one-person economic survival game model with a discrete probability distribution for the contribution to surplus variable. The general game model and strategies in these games are examined, and necessary conditions which an undominated, stationary strategy must satisfy are obtained. For a special class of these games a mathematical formulation of the value of the game is given, and examples and theorems which relate to undominated strategies in this class are presented. This paper, in some sense, is a sequel to a portion of a paper by Shubik and Thompson [7] which appeared in this journal.     

MANET多路径路由中最大可靠性路径选择算法

如何选择路径的数量和质量对多路径路由机制的性能有着重要的影响。已有的多路径算法没有深入研究如何选择多路径的问题。对目前存在的两个典型问题进行了分析,在此基础上研究了路径可靠性模型和虚拟完全非交叉多路径模型,然后提出一个最大可靠性多路径选择算法。算法利用路径权重作为路径可靠性的近似解决方案,以此克服路径可靠性度量问题(NP难题)研究的复杂性,根据路径可靠性模型和完全非交叉多路径模型来选择可靠的路径集,使用这组路径集并行分布流量。应用OPNET模拟平台实现了算法,结果表明,本算法能增加聚合带宽,优化网络带宽的应用,提高网络的吞吐率和多路径路由的性能。     

基于ExtendSim小件空投地面准备的仿真研究

小件空投是空降兵空投保障的重要组成部分,现已基本形成了包装——运输——装机三阶段的小件空投地面准备保障模式。简要介绍了空投小件包装、运输和装机环节,利用Extend Sim仿真软件,对影响小件空投地面准备的主要因素进行仿真。通过对仿真结果的分析,有利于在空投小件装机数量不间断的情况下,提高小件包装人员和运输车辆的利用率,辅助空投技术人员对影响空投实施的主要因素进行科学决策和统筹管理。     

基于句子级BLEU指标挑选数据的半监督神经机器翻译

在单语语料的使用上,统计机器翻译可通过利用语言模型提高性能,而神经机器翻译很难通过这种方法有效利用单语语料.针对此问题,文中提出基于句子级双语评估替补(BLEU)指标挑选数据的半监督神经网络翻译模型.分别利用统计机器翻译和神经机器翻译模型对无标注数据生成候选翻译,然后通过句子级BLEU指标挑选单语候选翻译,加入到有标注的数据集中进行半监督联合训练.实验表明,文中方法能高效利用无标注的单语语料,在NIST汉英翻译任务上,相比仅使用精标的有标注数据单系统,文中方法BLEU值有所提升.     

A nonconvex max-min problem

An algorithm designed to solve a large class of nonconvex max-min problems is described. Its usefulness and applicability is demonstrated by solving an extension of a recently introduced model which optimally allocates strategic weapon systems. The extended model is shown to be equivalent to a nonconvex mathematical program with an infinite number of constraints, and hence is not solvable by conventional procedures. An example is worked out in detail to illustrate the algorithm.     

舰船动力装置经济性的概念、模型及其应用

讨论舰船动力装置经济性的概念、度量指标及计算模型．然后,就其在动力装置的设计参数优选、机型选择和技术状态评定等方面的应用作了讨论．     

一种基于HLA分布式仿真系统的动态负载平衡算法

基于兴趣域的"快递式"动态负载平衡算法从HLA/RTI提供的服务出发,当节点成为重载节点时,将节点部分负载转移到兴趣域内的轻载节点上,同时采用两次"握手"方式解决了负载迁移过程中出现的问题.通过使用两个评价参数--CPU占有率和内存使用率进行实验证明,负载平衡前后重载节点的CPU利用率和内存使用率有明显差别,结果表明该方法能有效地平衡系统各节点之间的负载,保证系统的实时性,提高系统的服务质量.     

Double Mover–Stayer model on customer switching in telecommunications industry

Customer acquisition and customer retention are the most important challenges in the increasingly competitive telecommunications industry. Traditional studies of customer switching always assume that customers are homogeneous, and thus that model customer switching behavior follows a Markov formulation. However, this postulation is obviously inappropriate in most instances. Blumen et al. (Cornell Studies of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 1955) developed the Mover–Stayer (MS) model, a generalization of the Markov chain model, to relax the requirement of homogeneity and allow the presence of heterogeneity with two different types of individuals—“stayers,” who purchase the same kinds of products or services throughout the entire observation period; and “movers,” who look for variety in products or services over time. There are two purpose of this article. First, we extend the MS model to a Double Mover‐Stayer (DMS) model by assuming the existence of three types of individuals in the market: (1) stable and loyal customers, who have stable usage within the same company; (2) instable but loyal customers, whose usage varies within the same company over time; and (3) disloyal customers, who switch from one company to another to seek for new experiences or/and benefits. We also propose an estimation method for the DMS model. Second, we apply the DMS model to telecommunications data and demonstrate how it can be used for pattern identification, hidden knowledge discovery, and decision making. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

具有吞吐量和时延约束的软件无线电波形部署决策算法

针对当前具有吞吐量和时延约束的软件无线电波形部署决策算法在内存开销方面考虑的不足,提出一个更为通用的波形部署决策系统模型,将波形的处理开销、内存开销和通信带宽开销都纳入到波形部署决策过程中,并设计了一种基于动态规划的波形部署决策算法以最小化波形对平台各种计算资源的占用总和。仿真结果表明,内存对波形部署决策具有重要影响,与未考虑内存开销的解决方案相比,平台支持的平均最大波形数目和平均处理资源利用率均下降40%左右。     

水面舰艇发射鱼雷初期弹道优化研究

为了给水面舰艇发射鱼雷提供一定的理论可行性依据,以保证鱼雷的有效使用,减少试验次数和损失。利用动量定理和动量矩定理建立水面舰艇发射鱼雷初期弹道的数学模型。用Runge-Kutta法对鱼雷初期弹道进行仿真,并根据仿真结果分析了各种因素对鱼雷初期弹道的影响,从而得出水面舰艇发射鱼雷时各参数的最优值。     

宋代商标及其使用研究

宋代商业分工细致，竞争激烈，商人为了招揽顾客，推销自家商品，开始用“新颖”、“文雅”的名称命名自家商品，逐渐形成文字、图形或实物等不同类别的商品标识。宋代商标的使用，既维护了生产者和经营者的利益，也有利于商业经济的正常秩序；既提高了商品的信誉，保证了商品的质量，又扩大了商品服务的范围，增加了商品在市场中的竞争力。     

分布式防空C3I系统面向对象建模方法

采用面向对象的建模思想,把分布式防空C3I系统的各个组成部分抽象成对象,从时间、空间和功能的角度对分布式防空C3I系统进行了描述.通过确定对象类、类的属性、操作及类之间的关系而建立了分布式防空C3I系统的对象模型;通过对系统状态转换的分析,建立了分布式防空C3I系统动态模型;通过对系统功能模型的分布,利用层次数据流图建立了分布式防空C3I系统功能模型.