喷头加设集热板有效性的理论分析

判定集热板的集热效果如何,依据的是在其内部安装的喷头是否能够及时响应。从喷头响应时间公式和Alpert顶棚射流模型出发,研究了起火点与集热板相对位置不同时集热板的集热效果;同时对起火点所处位置不同时的概率进行了分析。结果表明:当起火点位于集热板正下方时,集热板才能发挥集热作用,其有效性仅为0.16%~2.52%,因此不建议在实际工程中推广使用。     

典型喷头响应时间工程计算模型研究

利用DETACT12软件,计算了启动温度为68℃的喷头在不同火源增长速率、不同喷头安装高度、不同环境温度、不同反应时间常数和距火源不同距离等条件下喷头的启动时间。并且拟合得到喷头启动时间随安装高度、火源增长速率、环境温度、反应时间常数和径向距离等相关的经验模型,并和有关的经验模型进行了比较。通过比较不同的影响因素,表明喷头安装高度是影响喷头启动时间的最重要的因素,其次分别为火源增长速率、喷头距火源的径向距离、环境温度和反应时间常数。     

建筑设计消防审核常见技术问题探析

针对建筑设计消防审核工作中容易出现的技术问题,从消防车道与建筑中人行通道的设置、自动喷水灭火系统末端试水装置与试水阀的设置、特殊场所快速响应喷头的选用、标准喷头的设置、自动喷水灭火系统集热板的应用、室内消火栓系统阀门的设置以及防火卷帘两侧火灾探测器组与警报装置的设置等方面解读了相关消防技术规范的规定,系统分析了建筑设计消防审核中的常见错误与问题,提出了有关技术规范规定的合理解释和使用建议。     

大空间建筑烟气控制的数值模拟研究

采用FDS模型模拟了大空间内发生火灾的烟气运动过程,分析了不同排烟模式下烟气控制的效果。模拟结果表明,补气口面积、火源功率对排烟效果影响较大;而排烟口的布置方式和排烟速率的影响较小。     

不同安装形式下常用喷头灭火效果的试验研究

为了探讨喷头的类型和安装方向对自动喷水灭火系统灭火效果的影响,利用下垂型、直立型和普通型三种工程中常用喷头,分别以向上和向下两种安装方式,在3 m、4 m和5 m的喷水高度下,进行了木垛火的灭火试验。试验结果显示,喷头的类型和安装方向是影响灭火效果的重要因素,喷头的安装方向错误时,其灭火时间会大大增加。     

重庆滨江空间的城市可识别性作用

在城市趋同发展的今天,营造城市特色空间以提高城市可识别性显得尤为重要。以重庆滨江空间为研究对象,通过文献查阅和实地调研归纳了重庆滨江空间的发展历程;分析了重庆滨江空间的特征,以及滨江空间对城市可识别性的重要作用;提出了重庆滨江空间多层次的生态环境丰富了城市公共生活,是辨析城市结构的重要场所,影响着城市发展进程中文脉传承的观点。     

圆柱-双锥结合药型罩结构参数对侵彻性能的影响规律

为提高聚能破甲战斗部的毁伤能力,设计了一种圆柱-双锥结合药型罩。用数值模拟方法,通过对该药型罩的正交优化设计,研究了药型罩圆柱部直径d、高度h、上锥角α、下锥角β对射流头部速度和侵彻深度的影响。研究结果表明,上锥角和圆柱部直径分别是影响射流头部速度和侵彻深度的主要因素。因此,在优化设计中得到了兼顾射流速度和侵彻深度的最佳药型罩结构：d=8 mm、h=12 mm、α=36°和β=56°时,射流头部速度为8 667 m/s,侵彻深度达到173.7 mm。优化设计的研究结果具有一定的实际工程指导意义,可为聚能破甲战斗部的性能提升提供有效的设计方案。     

典型机舱火灾喷雾冷却效果数值仿真

针对船舶机舱火灾喷雾冷却效果问题,分析了机舱封闭环境中喷雾灭火的传热传质过程,构建并设置了具体的船舶机舱典型火灾环境;结合船舶机舱火灾发生条件下可能遭遇的典型故障状态,运用火灾动力学软件进行了数值仿真,进一步分析了喷头压力、数量以及火源位置等单因素和多因素耦合作用对船舶机舱喷雾系统冷却效果的影响,并给出了一种验证喷雾系统控制火灾能力的仿真计算方法.仿真分析表明:该方法可以模拟机舱喷雾灭火过程,对于分析并掌握救援过程中船舶机舱温度场的变化具有应用价值.     

可展开遮阳罩技术研究进展及其关键科学问题

可展开遮阳罩一般是由多层轻质柔性高精度无褶皱薄膜和展开支撑臂及其控制装置组成,在轨后展开支撑臂有序展开多层大面积薄膜实现光控制和热控制性能,能有效改善和防护空间航天器。针对可展开遮阳罩结构,依据一维轴向、二维平面与三维周向的展开方式分类总结国内外可展开遮阳罩技术的研究进展,并对不同遮阳罩结构形状、薄膜材料、层数与展开方式等进行对比分析;梳理出遮阳罩在杂光抑制、折叠与展开变形机理、极端环境下薄膜多场耦合、低温热控、太阳辐射光压力矩及其计算方法等方面的关键科学问题,并给出了中国研究遮阳罩的发展建议。     

陶瓷基复合装甲防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的靶试研究(Ⅲ)

基于对材料特性和防弹机理的认识,设计了由600D腈纶、无纺布、Al2O3陶瓷和高强PE材料构成的陶瓷基复合靶板,靶板防护面密度ρA为92 kg/m2,尺寸为300 mm×300 mm×35 mm,用现役12.7 mm穿甲燃烧弹考核了靶板防护能力,尤其是探讨了PE在背面不受约束情况时中弹后的行为.结果表明:靶板结构是可行的,可防住V25为810 m/s的现役12.7 mm穿甲燃烧弹,PE层有优良的防二次效应的性能,而靶板结构有较大的改进空间.在靶试和讨论分析的基础上,给出了靶板结构改进的设计方案.     

钢管约束混凝土抗多发打击试验

为研究钢管约束混凝土抗多发打击性能,进行了12.7 mm穿甲弹多发打击钢管约束混凝土厚靶试验,得到靶的损伤模式和侵彻深度,并建立重复打击侵彻深度预测公式。结果表明:厚度为300 mm的小直径钢管约束混凝土靶能够有效防御3发12.7 mm穿甲弹的重复打击,第二、第三发较前一发侵彻深度的增幅分别小于20%和10%;重复打击侵彻深度预测公式与试验吻合较好。研究结果可为钢管约束混凝土防枪弹结构和遮弹层结构的研究提供参考。     

纤维增强SiO2气凝胶隔热复合材料的制备及其性能

将无机陶瓷纤维与SiO2溶胶混合,经超临界干燥制备了SiO2气凝胶隔热复合材料。SiO2气凝胶纤细的骨架颗粒减少了固态热传导,纳米级孔减少了气体热传导和对流传热,同时无机陶瓷纤维减少了辐射传热。SiO2气凝胶复合材料具有良好的隔热性能,其200℃和800℃的热导率分别为0.017W/m.K和0.042W/m.K。纤维的加入提供了力学支撑,高温处理增强了气凝胶骨架强度,材料在常温和高温下均具有良好的力学性能,其常温的拉伸、弯曲和抗压强度分别为1.44MPa、1.31MPa和0.98MPa(10%应变),800℃的拉伸、弯曲和抗压强度分别为1.95MPa、1.80MPa和1.42MPa(10%应变)。     

喷丸强化对18Cr2Ni4WA渗碳钢性能的影响

采用强力喷丸工艺对渗碳18Cr2Ni4WA钢试样进行了表面喷丸强化处理。利用Nano Test 600纳米测试仪、2903X射线应力仪和TR200表面粗糙度仪，分别测试分析了试样处理前后的显微硬度、残余应力和表面粗糙度，并在JP-52接触疲劳试验机上考察了喷丸强化处理对渗碳18Cr2Ni4WA钢接触疲劳性能的影响。试验结果表明：渗碳试样经强力喷丸后，在0～0．50mm深的表层内形成一个喷丸硬化层，显微硬度提高了约1．1GPa；最大残余压应力由-478 MPa提高到-760 MPa；表面粗糙度由1．255μm降为0．979μm。接触疲劳特征寿命以与中值寿命L50均提高了2倍多，额定寿命L10提高了1倍多。     

Effect of friction stir processing on mechanical properties and heat transfer of TIG welded joint of AA6061 and AA7075

Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is the most commonly used joining process for aluminum alloy for AA6061 and AA7075 which are highly demanded in the aerospace engineering and the automobile sector, but there are some defects occur during TIG welding like micro-crack, coarse grain structure, and porosity. To improve these defects, the TIG welded joint is processed using friction stir processing (FSP). This paper presents the effect of friction stir processing on TIG welding with filler ER4043 and ER 5356 for dissimilar aluminum alloy AA6061 and AA7075. The mechanical characterization, finite element formulation and mathematical equations of heat transfer of TIG + FSP welded joints are investigated using ANSYS Fluent software by adjusting process parameters of FSP. The results show that the maximum compressive residual stress 73 MPa was obtained at the fusion zone (FZ) of the TIG weldment with filler ER4043, whereas minimum compressive residual stress 37 MPa was obtained at stir zone (SZ) of the TIG+FSP with filler 5356. The maximum heat flux 5.33 × 106 W/m2 and temperature 515 ℃ have observed at tool rotation 1600 rpm with a feed rate of 63 mm/min. These results give a satisfactory measure of confidence in the fidelity of the simulation     

自动喷水灭火系统可靠性分析

自动喷水灭火系统在建筑消防所占的主导地位决定了研究、分析该系统可靠性的客观性和必要性。从系统各组件出发分析了各组件运行工况、存在的问题 ,并提出解决影响系统可靠性的措施     

Effect of post weld heat treatment on tensile properties and microstructure characteristics of friction stir welded armour grade AA7075-T651 aluminium alloy

This paper reports the effects of post weld heat treatments, namely artificial ageing and solution treatment followed by artificial ageing, on microstructure and mechanical properties of 12 mm thick friction stir welded joints of precipitation hardenable high strength armour grade AA7075-T651 aluminium alloy. The tensile properties, such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and notch tensile strength, are evaluated and correlated with the microhardness and microstructural features. The scanning electron microscope is used to characterie the fracture surfaces. The solution treatment followed by ageing heat treatment cycle is found to be marginally beneficial in improving the tensile properties of friction stir welds of AA7075-T651 aluminium alloy.     

断裂复合材料层压板贴片快速修复工艺研究

采用CMR-1A复合材料热补仪和3234/G814复合材料预浸料贴片,对完全断裂的复合材料层压板进行双面修复。通过正交试验法获得了最佳修复工艺参数:固化温度为130℃;固化时间为80 min;贴片层数为5层(单面);真空度为0.04 MPa;贴片长度为50 mm。对优化工艺参数进行试验验证,结果表明:复合材料层压板拉伸强度从0 MPa增加到320.84 MPa,提高了57.29%;LY12CZ铝合金和45钢板拉伸强度恢复率分别为96%和75.53%。     

Investigation on the process parameters of TIG-welded aluminum alloy through mechanical and microstructural characterization

Multi-pass TIG welding was conducted on plates (15×300×180 mm3) of aluminum alloy Al-5083 that usually serves as the component material in structural applications such as cryogenics and chemical processing industries. Porosity formation and solidification cracking are the most common defects when TIG welding Al-5083 alloy, which is sensitive to the welding heat input. In the experiment, the heat input was varied from 0.89 kJ/mm to 5 kJ/mm designed by the combination of welding torch travel speed and welding current. Tensile, micro-Vicker hardness and Charpy impact tests were executed to witness the impetus response of heat input on the mechanical properties of the joints. Radiographic inspection was performed to assess the joint's quality and welding defects. The results show that all the specimens displayed inferior mechanical properties as compared to the base alloy. It was established that porosity was progressively abridged by the increase of heat input. The results also clinched that the use of me-dium heat input (1-2 kJ/mm) offered the best mechanical properties by eradicating welding defects, in which only about 18.26% of strength was lost. The yield strength of all the welded specimens remained unaffected indicated no influence of heat input. Partially melted zone (PMZ) width also affected by heat input, which became widened with the increase of heat input. The grain size of PMZ was found to be coarser than the respective grain size in the fusion zone. Charpy impact testing revealed that the absorbed energy by low heat input specimen (welded at high speed) was greater than that of high heat input (welded at low speed) because of low porosity and the formation of equiaxed grains which induce better impact toughness. Cryogenic (-196 C) impact testing was also performed and the results corroborate that impact properties under the cryogenic environment revealed no appreciable change after welding at designated heat input. Finally, Macro and micro fractured surfaces of tensile and impact specimens were analyzed using Stereo and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which have supported the experimental findings.     

焊接工艺对GMAW堆焊焊缝区温度场影响的数值模拟

为了探索焊接工艺对熔化极气体保护堆焊快速成形零件组织性能的影响，根据材料热物理性能参数以及相变潜热与温度的非线性关系，建立了熔化极气体保护堆焊成形过程的数学模型和有限元模型，利用ANSYS软件的APDL语言编写程序，实现了高斯移动热源载荷下的熔化极气体保护堆焊成形温度场计算，分析对比了不同焊接工艺对焊缝区温度场热循环的影响。结果表明：在其他因素一定的条件下，热输入和焊接速度对焊缝区热循环影响显著，而基板厚度对其影响较小；选择厚度约为16mm的基板，采用小于120×20J的热输入和大于10mm／s的焊接速度有望成形出性能优良的零件。     

Analysis of the mass of behind-armor debris generated by RHA subjected to normal penetration of variable cross-section EFP

Analyzing the mass of behind-armor debris (BAD) generated by Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA) subjected to normal penetration of variable cross-section Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP) is the purpose of this paper. So theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental data are combined to analyze the influence of variable cross-section characteristic on the time history of crater radius. Moreover the relationships between time history of crater radius (as well as mass of BAD) and the thickness of RHA (from 30 mm to 70 mm) and the impact velocity of EFP (1650 m/s to 1860 m/s) are also investigated. The results indicate that: 1) being compared to the variable cross-section characteristic is ignored, the theoretical time history of crater radius is in better agreement with the simulation results when the variable cross-section characteristic is considered; 2) being compared to the other three conditions of plug, the theoretical mass of BAD is in the best agreement with the simulation results when the shape of plug is frustum of a cone and the angle between generatrix and bottom is 45° and the axial length of mushroom is considered.