无源双基地雷达系统直达波抑制算法

无源双基地雷达系统目标时延和多普勒频移估计,一般采用直达波通道信号与目标回波通道信号作互模糊函数处理,通过搜索互模糊函数的峰值来检测目标。虽然直达波干扰信号的互模糊函数峰值出现在零时延和零多普勒频移处,但其能量远大于目标回波信号,导致信号检测噪声门限增高,旁瓣电平增大,从而淹没目标信号。利用矢量空间的最小二乘算法抑制目标通道中的直达波信号,针对计算速度问题,提出了改进算法。仿真结果表明,该算法能够明显抑制直达波信号,同时该算法也可以完成弱目标的检测,因而具有重要的应用意义。     

基于非合作雷达辐射源的无源雷达目标检测方法

主要研究了基于非合作雷达辐射源的非相参体制无源雷达目标检测问题。对目标回波通道中的直达波干扰,利用一种基于三元传感器对消的方法来进行抑制。然后采用周期间相关检测的处理方法对目标进行检测。仿真分析表明,该方法在辐射源信号未知的情况下,能够有效抑制目标回波通道中的直达波干扰,得到优于传统的确知信号的相关检测性能。     

直达波和杂波干扰下目标阴影逆合成孔径成像

对直达波和杂波条件下的阴影逆合成孔径雷达(SISAR)目标成像问题进行了研究。分析了直达波和杂波对侧影像畸变和运动补偿的影响,提出了一种新的直达波和杂波干扰下目标SI-SAR成像方法,即将回波信号与参考信号进行模拟对消,并利用目标回波的频谱特性剔除残留直达波,再对目标运动参数进行粗估计,采用粗搜索和精搜索2步实施准确的运动补偿,最终获得失真度较小的目标侧影像。仿真实验验证了算法的有效性。     

外辐射源雷达系统中直达波干扰抑制技术

对基于雷达辐射源的非合作双基地雷达中直达波干扰问题进行了理论分析,在此基础上仿真分析了直达波干扰对目标回波信号波形的影响.针对这一问题,提出了一种基于相位匹配的直达波干扰抑制方法,并给出了详细的数学推导.仿真结果表明该方法可以极大地抑制目标通道中的直达波干扰,提高目标通道的信干比,消除直达波干扰对后续信号检测的影响.     

高频地波雷达舰船目标检测性能与工作频率的关系

目前,用于探测海面和空中目标的高频地波雷达主要根据外部噪声电平来选择工作频率,这对于舰船目标检测而言是不合理的,因为舰船目标的检测性能取决于回波信杂比。针对这个问题,根据地波雷达方程分析了影响目标回波信杂比且与工作频率有关的因素,建立了舰船目标检测性能仿真模型,通过数值仿真研究了回波信杂比与工作频率之间的关系。结果表明:回波信杂比主要取决于目标散射截面,根据目标散射截面随工作频率的变化关系选择工作频率即可获得较好的检测性能。     

外辐射源雷达系统中直达波的对消及仿真研究

利用外辐射源(如调频广播、电视、GPS等的发射信号)的无源雷达探测技术一直是国内外研究的热点.在目标检测上,直达波信号的干扰不但对通道的动态范围提出了极高的要求,同时对微弱目标回波的检测构成了限制.文中利用二元阵的方法对直达波的干扰进行抑制,并对其对消性能进行了仿真分析和研究.     

采用包络检波去除SISAR直达波干扰的新方法

为了去除直达波干扰,从强的直达波干扰背景中有效提取SISAR侧影成像的目标全息信号,提出了对接收的含有目标全息信号和强直达波的混合信号直接进行包络检波,然后通过对检波后的输出进行时域的正交分解,恢复目标的全息信号的新方法.仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性.     

箔条干扰下雷达信号自相关检测方法研究

箔条是雷达无源干扰的常用材料,由于目标的雷达回波信号被淹没在箔条云强背景噪声中,雷达难以探测和跟踪目标,提出利用自相关方法检测箔条干扰下目标的雷达回波信号.对箔条云回波噪声进行了数学描述和仿真分析,可以看出箔条噪声是多个随机高斯分布的叠加;介绍了自相关检测箔条干扰下雷达回波信号的基本原理,并用SIMULINK软件对具体实例进行分析,利用接收的回波信号自相关函数反推出信号周期,并利用自相干法把淹没在噪声中的信号提取出来,所提取的信号和原信号具有很高的相似度,该方法对提高雷达抗箔条干扰有重要的研究意义.     

基于ESPRIT的中段弹道目标特征提取方法

提出了一种新的弹道目标特征提取方法:对宽带雷达回波进行STRETCH处理后用ESPRIT方法估计其中频点,然后采用Gerschgorin半径方法进行散射源数目估计,去除虚假频率,获得目标散射点的数目、位置、散射中心强度等特征参数。与基于FFT算法的特征提取方法相比,这种方法具有更强的抑制杂波能力和更高的分辨率。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

一种新的高分辨极化目标检测方法

针对宽带毫米波高分辨雷达体制 ,研究了杂波环境中的目标检测问题。提出了极化域线性积累滤波的思路以提高雷达接收信号的信杂比 ,在此基础上利用宽带波形固有的径向高分辨力对目标进行一维距离成像 ,估计出回波中强散射点的数量和分布 ,通过对不同径向分辨单元内的强散射点进行整体检测 ,可进一步有效地提高信杂比 ,改善雷达的检测性能。最后在毫米波段的实验仿真结果表明该方法是一种非常有效的扩展目标检测方法     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.