激波对密度间断层干扰及界面效应的数值模拟

运动激波在密度间断层传播时 ,引起密度分界面的变形 ,相应激波形状发生改变。以高密度层为例 ,采用TVD格式模拟这一过程 ,并与半解析解比较分析 ,初步讨论了激波对高密度层干扰作用引起高密度层的上扬和高密度层内激波与壁面的反射现象     

圆柱壳体内 X 射线热击波的二维力学计算

依据二维流体弹塑性模型及二维断裂处理方法,研究Ｘ射线热击波在圆柱壳体内的传播规律。计算结果揭示了圆柱壳体内热击波的一些二维效应。     

关于圆柱壳在水下爆炸冲击波作用下二次加载现象的数值模拟研究

运用大型商业有限元程序MSC.DYTRAN数值模拟了水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下自由环肋圆柱壳的非线性动态响应.采用一般耦合算法(generalcoupling)模拟流体与结构的耦合效应,计算中考虑了材料的应变率强化效应,几何非线性的影响,分析了空穴现象的产生和二次加载对结构响应的影响.仿真结果表明,相同工况和厚度下的无限自由平板和自由环肋圆柱壳,后者的空化时间比前者长,而壳体运动的最大速度后者比前者低.     

基于改进 Gerstner 波的岛礁近岸波浪实时仿真?

为了实现岛礁附近波浪实时仿真，结合 Gerstner 波和水波动力学知识，提出了一种能够模拟波浪卷曲和折射绕射现象的波浪建模与绘制方法。首先，建立 Gerstner 波参数随水深变化关系，构建模拟波浪卷曲过程的几何模型；然后，定义岛礁地形对波浪传播的阻障和遮挡系数，并据此修正波浪传播的波向和波高，实现折射和绕射现象的仿真；最后，应用着色器缓存技术完成计算的硬件加速，并构建了基于视点的波浪传播多分辨率绘制策略。实验结果表明，该方法对波浪的卷曲和折射绕射现象取得了较好的仿真效果，绘制效率能够满足实时性要求。     

炸药冲击波激励工作气体产生可见光的辐射机理研究

研究炸药冲击波激励工作气体的辐射问题。通过理论分析 ,给出气体冲击波波阵面的数学模型。提出了高温环境下工作气体产生可见光的辐射机理 ,最后提出在冲击波作用下提高气体辐射强度的方法。     

爆电换能的理论分析

考虑了铁电介质的介电松弛和电导率松弛,计及冲击波阵面在样品中传播过程的影响,改进了垂直模式冲击波加载铁电陶瓷电响应的理论,且理论分析与实验结果基本一致。     

T型分支坑道对油气爆炸传播特性的影响

为研究T型分支坑道对油气爆炸传播特性的影响,通过对比实验,测定了相同初始条件下T型分支坑道和直坑道中油气混合物爆炸的火焰传播速度和爆炸波超压值。利用高速摄影仪,记录了火焰传播至T型分支坑道时的火焰阵面变化情况,并对T型分支坑道中油气混合物爆炸的传播情况进行了理论分析。结果表明：T型分支坑道对油气混合物爆炸的影响可以视为面积突扩和障碍物扰动双重作用的影响;火焰经过支坑道时,火焰阵面发生扭曲并产生皱褶,表面积增大导致火焰传播速度增大;T型分支坑道处,大量反射波和绕射波进入波后反应区,加强了气流湍流强度,并推动已燃气体回传,迅速提高了燃烧反应速度和能量释放率,起到了增大火焰传播速度和爆炸波超压值的作用。     

两道同侧扫掠激波作用下形成的三维平板边界层

为探索一种减弱扫掠激波/边界层干扰强度的侧压方式,采用数值计算方法研究两道同侧扫掠激波作用下形成的三维平板边界层。对三维边界层的流动机理进行研究,并与相同气流偏转角的一道扫掠激波作用下形成的三维边界层进行定量比较。研究表明,存在两道同侧扫掠激波时,第一道扫掠激波使侧壁附近边界层变薄,进而使第二道扫掠激波与再附形成的边界层的相互作用减弱,从而总的效果是两道扫掠激波与边界层的相互作用强度比一道扫掠激波的弱;两道扫掠激波的气流总偏转角与一道扫掠激波的相同,相交后汇聚成的激波强度与一道扫掠激波的基本相同,之前被两道扫掠激波"扫"起来的边界层在汇聚激波作用下还呈现锥形流动,分离线和来流的夹角也与一道扫掠激波的基本相同。     

炸药冲击波激励气体辐射的数值模拟

建立了炸药冲击波激励气体辐射的物理模型和数学模型。用MMIC - 2D软件对爆炸过程进行了模拟计算。分析了冲击波作用下气体的流动特性 ,并给出了爆炸全场的密度分布及随时间的变化规律     

Modeling of the whole process of shock wave overpressure of free-field air explosion

The waveform of the explosion shock wave under free-field air explosion is an extremely complex problem. It is generally considered that the waveform consists of overpressure peak, positive pressure zone and negative pressure zone. Most of current practice usually considers only the positive pressure. Many empirical relations are available to predict overpressure peak, the positive pressure action time and pressure decay law. However, there are few models that can predict the whole waveform. The whole process of explosion shock wave overpressure, which was expressed as the product of the three factor functions of peak, attenuation and oscillation, was proposed in the present work. According to the principle of explosion similarity, the scaled parameters were introduced and the empirical formula was absorbed to form a mathematical model of shock wave overpressure. Parametric numerical simulations of free-field air explosions were conducted. By experimental verification of the AUTODYN numerical method and comparing the analytical and simulated curves, the model is proved to be accurate to calculate the shock wave overpressure under free-field air explosion. In addition, through the model the shock wave overpressure at different time and distance can be displayed in three dimensions. The model makes the time needed for theoretical calculation much less than that for numerical simulation.     

UHMWPE复合材料抗爆实验研究

运用定制的聚偏四氟乙烯(PVDF)压电传感器,直接测量爆炸载荷下UHMWPE层叠无纬布和PU基体的UHMWPE复合材料内部冲击波压力峰值,对其冲击波衰减特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:UHMWPE复合材料对爆炸冲击波有很好的衰减作用,含有PU基体的UHMWPE复合材料比UHMWPE层叠无纬布对爆炸冲击波有更好的衰减效果。UHMWPE复合材料具有轻质、吸收冲击波效率高等特性,在爆炸冲击波防护领域有很好的应用前景。     

一种新型防护结构对爆炸冲击波衰减特性的研究

运用大型有限元软件LS—DYNA,在相同爆炸冲击波作用下,对洞库口部普通钢板防护门和有泡沫铝夹层的钢板防护门两种防护结构的隔爆性能进行了数值模拟和对比分析,结果表明:有泡沫铝夹层的钢板防护门对爆炸冲击波有着良好的衰减特性。同时表明该新型防护结构对洞库口部抗爆炸冲击波设计有着很高的参考价值。     

Investigation on energy output structure of explosives near-ground explosion

In order to give the energy output structure of typical explosives near-ground explosion in real ground conditions, the free-field shockwave, ground reflection shockwave and Mach wave overpressure time history of composition B explosive, RDX explosive and aluminized explosive were measured by air pressure sensors and ground pressure sensors. The shape of the free-field shock wave, ground reflection shock wave, and Mach wave and explosion flame were captured by high-speed camera. The experimental results show that, at the same horizontal distance from the initiation point, the peak overpressure of explosive shock wave of composition B explosive, both in the air and on the ground, is less than that of RDX and aluminized explosives. At a distance of 3.0 m from the initiation point, the peak overpressure of aluminized explosives is slightly less than that of RDX explosives. Owing to the exothermic effect of aluminum powder, the pressure drop of aluminized explosives is slower than that of RDX explosives. At 5.0 m from the initiation point, the peak overpressure of aluminized explosives is larger than that of RDX explosives. At the same position from the initiation point, among the three kinds of explosives, the impulse of aluminized explosives is the maximum and the impulse of composition B explosives is the minimum. With the increase of the horizontal distance from the initiation point, the height of Mach triple-points (Mach steam) of the three explosives increases gradually. At the same horizontal distance from the initiation point, there is poorly difference in the height of Mach triple-points between aluminized explosive and RDX explosive, and the height of Mach triple-points of composition B explosive is much smaller than that of other two explosives. The maximum diameter and duration of the fireball formed by aluminized explosives are the largest, followed by composition B explosive, and the maximum diameter and duration of the fireball formed by RDX explosive are the smallest.     

制导航空子母炸弹高速抛撒分离数值仿真

制导航空子母炸弹在跨音速抛撒子弹药过程中，子弹药与母弹的分离伴随着复杂的流场和激波干扰，该过程中不仅存在着激波与激波的相互碰撞、部分激波的多次反射，而且由于受到多体运动的相互作用，其气流方向也发生变化，形成了变化复杂的压力、速度分布区域。采用数值模拟的方法对制导航空子母炸弹子弹药高速抛撒分离过程进行了数值仿真分析，应用嵌套网格技术，耦合多体动力学方程以及 N－S 方程求解子母炸弹高速分离过程，为工程设计、研究提供理论指导与计算依据。     

Numerical simulation of the blast wave of a multilayer composite charge

The numerical simulation of a blast wave of a multilayer composite charge is investigated. A calculation model of the near-field explosion and far-field propagation of the shock wave of a composite charge is established using the AUTODYN finite element program. Results of the near-field and far-field calculations of the shock wave respectively converge at cell sizes of 0.25–0.5 cm and 1–3 cm. The Euler––flux-corrected transport solver is found to be suitable for the far-field calculation after mapping. A numerical simulation is conducted to study the formation, propagation, and interaction of the shock wave of the composite charge for different initiation modes. It is found that the initiation mode obviously affects the shock-wave waveform and pressure distribution of the composite charge. Additionally, it is found that the area of the overpressure distribution is greatest for internal and external simultaneous initiation, and the peak pressure of the shock wave exponentially decays, fitting the calculation formula of the peak overpressure attenuation under different initiation modes, which is obtained and verified by experiment. The difference between numerical and experimental results is less than 10%, and the peak overpressure of both internal and external initiation is 56.12% higher than that of central single-point initiation.     

长坑道中防护门上的化爆冲击波压力研究

为了对坑道中的防护门抗化爆冲击波进行有效的设计,先需确切知道作用在防护门上的反射压力。首先基于Hopkinson比例定律,用LS-DYNA动力有限元软件模拟了常规炸药在坑道入口外爆炸情况下,长坑道中自由场冲击波峰值压力的衰减规律,并由此确定作用在防护门上的反射压力。计算结果与其他经验方法的预测结果进行了比较。可供防护门的设计及动力响应研究参考。     

Influence of a liquid-filled compartment structure on the incoming shaped charge jet stability

Liquid-filled compartment structure consists of a bulk steel plate with matrix blind holes which are filled with liquid and a steel front plate to seal up the liquid with rings and bolts.The liquid-filled compart-ment structure can resist the shaped charge warhead effectively.This paper presents experimental and theoretical investigations of the penetration ability of the residual shaped charge jet emerging from the liquid-filled compartment structure after the penetration process at different impact angles.On the basis of shock wave propagation theory,the influence of the liquid-filled compartment structure on jet sta-bility is analysed.The interferences of the liquid backflow caused by a reflected shock wave and a back plate on jet stability under different impact angles are also examined.In addition,the range of the disturbed velocity segments of the jet at different impact angles and the penetration ability of the re-sidual jet are obtained.A theoretical model is validated against the experimental penetration depths.     

Analysis of the stress wave and rarefaction wave produced by hypervelocity impact of sphere onto thin plate

Shock wave is emitted into the plate and sphere when a sphere hypervelocity impacts onto a thin plate. The fragmentation and phase change of the material caused by the propagation and unloading of shock wave could result in the formation of debris cloud eventually. Propagation models are deduced based on one-dimensional shock wave theory and the geometry of sphere, which uses elliptic equations (corresponding to ellipsoid equations in physical space) to describe the propagation of shock wave and the rarefaction wave. The “Effective thickness” is defined as the critical plate thickness that ensures the rarefaction wave overtake the shock wave at the back of the sphere. The “Effective thickness” is directly related to the form of the debris cloud. The relation of the “Effective thickness” and the “Optimum thickness” is also discussed. The impacts of Al spheres onto Al plates are simulated within SPH to verify the propagation models and associated theories. The results show that the wave fronts predicted by the propagation models are closer to the simulation result at higher impact velocity. The curvatures of the wave fronts decrease with the increase of impact velocities. The predicted “Effective thickness” is consistent with the simulation results. The analysis about the shock wave propagation and unloading in this paper can provide a new sight and inspiration for the quantitative study of hypervelocity impact and space debris protection.     

含激波流场的光线追迹方法

高速流场中的激波会产生明显的气动光学效应,导致光线发生偏移、聚焦等。从理论上考察了在不同入射角条件下,光线经过激波后发生角偏移量与激波强度的关系;针对通过计算流体力学得到的激波流场,提出了追迹步长根据当地折射率梯度和网格几何尺寸自适应调节的光线追迹的思想和方法,以提高追迹的精度;对所建立光线追迹方法的精度进行了考察。结果表明,所建立的光线追迹方法适用于激波流场的光线追迹,具有较高的精度。     

基于声检测的爆炸冲击场剖面可视化技术

阐述了声发射的检测原理,研究了冲击波作用下物体的声发射特性,并利用声发射的不可逆效应(Kaiser效应),提出了一种基于测试的冲击场层析技术.给出了实现流程图及其若干关键技术,如主副鉴别、前沿鉴别等.实验结果表明该技术有一定的实用性,为冲击波作用下物体内部的位错形成和滑移机制的研究提供了一种手段.最后对下一步要解决的问题进行了说明.